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  3. In 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee led by George McGovern published its landmark "Dietary Goals for the Uni

In 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee led by George McGovern published its landmark "Dietary Goals for the Uni

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问题     In 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee led by George McGovern published its landmark "Dietary Goals for the United States," urging Americans to eat less high-fat red meat, eggs and dairy and replace them with more calories from fruits, vegetables and especially carbohydrates.
    By 1980 that wisdom was codified. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) issued its first dietary guidelines, and one of the primary directives was to avoid cholesterol (胆固醇) and fat of all sorts. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommended that all Americans over the age of 2 cut fat consumption, and that same year the government announced the results of a $150 million study, which had a clear message: Eat less fat and cholesterol to reduce your risk of a heart attack.
    The food industry—and American eating habits—jumped in step. Grocery shelves filled with "light" yogurts, low-fat microwave dinners, cheese-flavored crackers, cookies. Families like mine followed the advice: beef disappeared from the dinner plate, eggs were replaced at breakfast with cereal or yolk-free beaters, and whole milk almost wholly vanished. From 1977 to 2012, per capita consumption of those foods dropped while calories from supposedly healthy carbohydrates increased—no surprise , given that breads, cereals and pasta were at the base of the USDA food pyramid.
    The nation was embarking on a "vast nutritional experiment," as the skeptical president of the National Academy of Sciences, Philip Handler, put it in 1980. But with nearly a million Americans a year dropping dead from heart disease by the mid-’80s, it had to try something.
    Nearly four decades later, the results are in: the experiment was a failure. Americans cut the fat, but by almost every measure, they are sicker than ever. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the US increased 166% from 1980 to 2012. Nearly 1 in 10 American adults has the disease, costing the country’s health care system $245 billion a year, and an estimated 86 million people are prediabetic. Deaths from heart disease have fallen—a fact that many experts attribute to better emergency care, less smoking and widespread use of cholesterol-controlling drugs like statins—but cardiovascular (心血管的) disease remains the country’s No. 1 killer.
In the past, Americans got their calories mainly from ______.
选项 A、healthy carbohydrate
B、meat, eggs and dairy
C、breads, cereals and pasta
D、yogurts, crackers and cookies
答案B
解析 根据出题顺序以及题干中的“Americans”、“calories”等信息对应到第三段。该段最后一句指出：From 1977 to 2012，per capita consumption of those foods dropped while calories from supposedly healthy carbohydrates increased…通过这句话可以知道近几十年美国人摄取的热量主要来自碳水化合物，而过去来自“those foods(那些食物)”，即上文提到的食物：...beef disappeared from the dinner plate，eggs were replaced at breakfast with cereal or yolk-free beaters, and whole milk almost wholly vanished．由此知道过去美国人的热量来源为beef，eggs，whole milk，即选项B，meat，eggs and dairy。本题也可以直接通过第一段的“urging Americans to eat less high-fat red meat，eggs and dairy...”一句得出答案为选项B。
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