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  3. Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the worl

Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the worl

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问题     Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis(large ocean waves)or major fires which are initiated by the quake.
    There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 9.0. Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
    The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking apart of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
    In order to minimize the damage and lessen some of the suffering results from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in use to achieve this goal are seismograghs and tiltmeters. The former records any shaking of the earth: by means of calculations seismologist can accurately indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. The latter, as the name suggests, is used to record any changes in the title of the land.
Which of the following is the direct cause of an earthquake?
选项 A、The production of pressure.
B、Continental drift.
C、The breaking apart of rocks.
D、The expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
答案C
解析 推理题。总结第三段可知，地壳的拉伸和收缩以及大陆版块漂移是引起压力的两个成因，而压力则导致了地表或地下岩石的破裂，从而引起了地震。由此可知，导致地震的直接原因是地表和地下岩石的破裂，故选项C正确。
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