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  3. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

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问题     If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as【C1】________to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or【C2】________at the lowest possible cost—much【C3】________ one buys raw materials or equipment.
    The lack of importance【C4】________to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second【C5】________command. The【C6】________of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who【C7】________it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to【C8】________to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).【C9】________, in Japan the head of human resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s【C10】________ .
    As a【C11】________, problems【C12】________when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn【C13】________to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is【C14】________in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for【C15】________retraining【C16】________costs and creates bottlenecks that【C17】________the speed with【C18】________new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological【C19】________. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population【C20】________the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
【C11】
选项 A、matter
B、fact
C、result
D、case
答案C
解析 本填空考查一个惯用词组，能与原文线索As a构成惯用搭配的有三个选项，即As a fact(事实上)、As a result(结果)、As a case(作为一个例子，表示举例)；分析上下文我们发现填空后面的原文信息为：problems ________when new breakthrough technologies arrive，谈论了“问题的出现”，前文都在谈论“美国企业不重视人力资源”，分析了这些前后文的关系，可选出本题的答案C)As a result(结果)。
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