2. 外语
  3. The first edition of Thomas Kuhn’s "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" appeared in 1962. 【T1】His vision revolutionized the

The first edition of Thomas Kuhn’s "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" appeared in 1962. 【T1】His vision revolutionized the

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问题    The first edition of Thomas Kuhn’s "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" appeared in 1962. 【T1】His vision revolutionized the way we think about science, and it has given us a new way to look at change in " science" itself. 【T2】Whereas previous visions of science saw science as an accumulation of all that had been learned over history, Kuhn envisioned science as having, at any one time, a worldview, or " paradigm (范式) " , of its environment.
   Kuhn(库恩) postulated that most scientists engage in "normal science" that often results in solid, but relatively incremental gains, which nevertheless accumulate and collectively contribute to move research and subsequent scientific knowledge forward. When anomalies arise, some individual(s) step out of the paradigm, and propose a new principle or law. 【T3】If the scientific community accepts the proposed change, then science experiences a " paradigm shift" , and new science proceeds from that new paradigm.
   Paradigm shifts are important, and a necessary part of life. Things do change, and we have to adjust and adapt to that change. Perhaps not surprisingly, important paradigm shifts often come from the young. 【T4】It usually takes a long time to effect a paradigm shift—often as much as 20-25 years—which, perhaps not so coincidently, is about the life of a generation.
   【T5】A relatively recent white paper emanating from MIT justifiably argues that the intersections of arrays of scientists, engineers, mathematicians, as well as individuals with a host of many other professional talents, will be the next Kuhnian scientific revolution and in fact, the " Third" biomedical revolution. This new revolution is broadly known as Convergence.
【T2】
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答案过去，人们对科学的看法是把科学当作人类在历史长河中所学全部知识的积累过程，而库恩则把科学看成在任一时刻对环境的一种世界观，或“范式”。
解析 理解该句的重点是要能判断出这是一个表示转折关系的主从复合句，主句和从句用了一对近义词短语“saw…as…”和“envisioned…as…”。如果有考生不认识envision，也可以从“saw…as…”中得到启发。该句的另一个分析要点是主句中的两个插入语部分(at any one time和or“paradigm”)要单独处理，这样可以连贯地理解主句。
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