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The first technological revolution in modern biology started when James Watson and Francis Crick described the structure of DNA

admin2011-02-25  58
问题     The first technological revolution in modern biology started when James Watson and Francis Crick described the structure of DNA half a century ago. That established the fields of molecular and cell biology, the basis of the biotechnology industry. The sequencing of the human genome nearly a decade ago set off a second revolution which has started to illuminate the origins of diseases.
    Now the industry is convinced that a third revolution is under way: the convergence of biology and engineering. A recent report from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology says that physical sciences have already been transformed by their adoption of information technology, advanced materials, imaging, nanotechnolugy and sophisticated modelling and simulation. Phillip Sharp, a Nobel prize-winner at that university, believes that those tools are about to be brought to bear on biology too.
    But the chances are that this will take time, and turn out to be more of a reformation than a revolution. The conventional health-care systems of the rich world may resist new technologies even as poor countries leapfrog ahead. There is already a backlash against genomics, which has been oversold to consumers as a deterministic science. And given soaring health-care costs, insurers and health systems may not want to adopt new technologies unless inventors can show conclusively that they will produce better outcomes and offer value for money.
    If these obstacles can be overcome, then the biggest winner will be the patient. In the past medicine has taken a paternalistic stance, with the all-knowing physician dispensing wisdom from on high, but that is becoming increasingly untenable. Digitisation promises to connect doctors not only to everything they need to know about their patients but also to other doctors who have treated similar disorders. That essential reform will enable many other big technological changes to be introduced.
    Just as important, it can make that information available to the patients too, empowering them to play a bigger part in managing their own health affairs. This is controversial, and with good reason. Many doctors, and some patients, reckon they lack the knowledge to make informed decisions. But patients actually know a great deal about many diseases, especially chronic ones like diabetes and heart problems with which they often live for many years. The best way to deal with those is for individuals to take more responsibility for their own health and prevent problems before they require costly hospital visits. That means putting electronic health records directly into patients’ hands.  
Which of the following might be true about modern biology according to the first paragraph?
选项 A、The molecular and cell structure are found during the first revolution.
B、Scientists sequenced the human genome half a century ago.
C、Scientists have completely understood the mystery of DNA
D、The origins of some diseases have been found in the second revolution.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句定语从句处“生物学的第二次革命为人类探寻疾病的根源指明了道路”可知，[D]项所说的“某些疾病的起源在第二次革命中被发现”是正确推断。[A]项是对第一次生物学革命的错误推断，分子和细胞结构是在第一次革命之后才发现的。[B]项是对第一次和第二次生物学革命的混淆描述，对人类基因组排序的是第二次技术革命，发生在大约十年前。[C]项属于对信息的绝对描述，一般绝对结论都不是答案。根据第一段内容也可知[C]项错误，科学家只是对基因进行了排序，而非是完全理解了DNA的秘密。
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