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  3. You know how when your dog wants something, she makes that face. You know the one — all beseeching, with eyes that seem to posit

You know how when your dog wants something, she makes that face. You know the one — all beseeching, with eyes that seem to posit

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问题         You know how when your dog wants something, she makes that face. You know the one — all beseeching, with eyes that seem to positively quiver with longing? You’d give her anything, right?
        It turns out that our response to canine looks of longing or love may be the very reason dogs can make them. New research has found that the facial muscles involved in making these expressions can only be found in dogs, not wolves suggesting our furry best friends evolved the ability specifically to communicate with humans.
        "The findings suggest that expressive eyebrows in dogs may be a result of human unconscious preferences that influenced selection during domestication," said behavioral psychologist Juliane Kaminski of the University of Portsmouth.
        When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to look after them. This would give dogs that move their eyebrows more, a selection advantage over others and rein force the ’puppy dog eyes’ trait for future generations.
        Previously, Kaminski and her team have demonstrated that dogs do actually make facial expressions as a means of communicating with humans, by studying their behaviour when a human was facing towards them, compared to facing away. The team found that dogs used facial expressions far more when the human was looking at them.
        For this research, the team did something different: they studied dog (Canisfamiliaris) be haviour as compared to wolves (C.lupus), and performed a comparative analysis of the facial anatomy of both species.
        Because dogs and wolves are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor, such comparisons can potentially reveal the ways in which 33,000 years of domestication have changed the dog.
        "The raised inner eyebrow movement in dogs is driven by a muscle which doesn’t consistently exist in their closest living relative the wolf." And with two wolves and another six dogs, the team observed how they used their faces around humans. "We also studied dogs’ and wolves’ behaviour, and when exposed to a human for two minutes, dogs raised their inner eyebrows more and at higher intensities than wolves." Kaminski said. "Muscular anatomy typically evolves very slowly, so this seems to be a pretty huge change to have taken place in just a few ten thousand years." the team said. The reason, they believe, is because of the positive effects of canine facial expressions on dogs’ interactions with humans. "This movement makes a dogs’ eyes appear larger, giving them a childlike appearance. It could also mimic the facial movement humans make when they’re sad." said evolutionary psychologist Bridget Waller of the University of Portsmouth. "Our findings show how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction."
What can be the best title for this passage?
选项 A、Dogs’ Muscular Anatomy Evolution Makes Them Better Fit for Life
B、How Powerful Puppy Dogs’ Eyes Can Be in Social Interaction
C、Dog Facial Muscular Evolution Make Them Stand Out in Wolves
D、Puppy Dogs’ Eyes May Have Evolved Just to Make Humans Melt—And It’s Working
答案D
解析 主旨题。题干：这篇文章的最佳标题是什么?解答文章主旨类题目时往往需要关注文章首尾段或各段的首句文章开头通过狗充满渴望的眼神这一现象引出文章主要内容：狗能用富有表现力的眉毛与人交流，然后通过卡明斯基和她的团队进行的实验和对比分析，证明了这个结论及原理，即狗拥有独特的内眉肌肉助其完成这些能够表现“渴望”的面部表情。因此D项“小狗的眼睛可能只是为了温暖人类的心灵而进化出来的——而且它正在起作用”，可以概括文章的主要内容。A项“狗的肌肉结构进化使它们更适合生活”。首先文章仅是对狗的面部结构进行了说明，而选项内容是泛指狗的所有肌肉结构；其次，根据文章内容，狗的面部结构进化是受人类偏好的影响，是为了与人沟通，并没有“更适合生活”一说，故A项错误；B项“小狗的眼睛在社交中有多大的力量”，本文主要讲的是小狗的眼睛能做到与人沟通交流的原因，并没有指出在社交中发挥的作用，故B项错误。C项“狗面部肌肉的进化使它们在狼中脱颖而出”。狼和狗是同一祖先进化而来的，很早就分化开来，但是狗的面部肌肉进化是在驯化过程中逐渐产生的，故C项错误。故本题选D。
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