2. 外语
  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义) management in which man becomes a

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义) management in which man becomes a

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问题      In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages. Well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts: yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has be- come powerless, that he does not whole-heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
      The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find out job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
     Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence; from that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
     Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not, problems are never solved by re- mining to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.  
The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ______.
选项 A、they are likely to lose their jobs.
B、they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
C、they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D、they are deprived of the individuality and independence
答案D
解析 文章第二段说工人和雇员们焦虑不仅仅因为他们怕失业，也因为他们不能获得人生的真正满足或兴趣。他们从生到死，作为情感上的智力上独立的，具有创造力的人，从来都没有感受到生存的基本价值。也就是说，他们焦虑，主要是因为个性和独立性被剥夺了。故D项为正确答案。A项是他们焦虑的原因之一，但并非根本原因。他们焦虑，是因为不能获得人生的真正满足和兴趣，而并非他们本身对人生没有真正的满意感或兴趣，故B项可以排除。
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