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  3. The most damning thing that can be said about the world’s best-endowed and richest country is that it is not only not the leader

The most damning thing that can be said about the world’s best-endowed and richest country is that it is not only not the leader

admin2010-07-19  16
问题    The most damning thing that can be said about the world’s best-endowed and richest country is that it is not only not the leader in health status, but that it is so low in the ranks of the nations. The United States ranks 18th among nations of the world in male life expectancy at birth, 9th in female life expectancy at birth, and 12th in infant mortality. More importantly, huge variations are evident in health status in the United States from one place to the next and from one group to the next.
   The forces that affect health can be divided into four groupings that led themselves to analysis of all health problems. Clearly the largest group of forces resides in the person’s environment. Behavior, in part derived from experiences with the environment, is the next greatest force affecting health. Medical care services, treated as separate from other environmental factors because of the special interest we have in them, make a modest contribution to health status. Finally, the contributions of heredity to health are difficult to judge.
   No other country spends what we do per capita for medical care. The care available is among the best technically, even if used too freely and thus dangerously. Given the evidence that medical care is not that valuable and access to care not that bad, it seems most unlikely that our bad showing is caused by the significant proportion who are poorly served. Other hypotheses have greater explanatory power: excessive poverty, both actual and relative, and excessive wealth.
   Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the U.S. than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality rate and female life expectancy at birth. This is probably true also for all but four or five of the countries with a longer male life Expectancy. In the notably poor countries that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life and in several of them, a good basic diet, basic medical care and basic education, and lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the U.S. a national unemployment level of 10 percent may be 40 percent in the ghetto while less than 4 percent elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not have such severe problems. Nor are such a high proportion of their people involved in them.
   Excessive wealth is not so obvious a cause of iii health, but, at least until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living. Excessive intake of animal protein and fats, and use of tobacco and drugs, and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only when one is wealthy. Our heritage, desires, and opportunities, combined with the relatively low cost of bad foods and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable. Our unacceptable health status, then, will not he improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by their redistribution so much as by a general attempt to improve the quality of life for all. (506 words)
The author is primarily concerned with ______.
选项 A、condemning the U.S. for its failure to provide better medical care to the poor
B、evaluating the relative significance of factors contributing to the poor health status in the U.S.
C、providing information that the reader can use to improve his or her personal health
D、advocating specific measures designed to improve the health of the U, S. population.
答案B
解析 文章第一句指出，对于美国这个世界上资源最丰富、最富有的国家来说，最糟糕的是：它不仅在健康状况上不处于领先地位，而且在世界排名很低。第二段第一句提到，影响健康状况的因素可以分成四类，据此人们可以对健康问题做出分析。一是人们生活的环境，二是人们的生活习惯，三是医疗保健服务，四是遗传因素对健康状况的影响。以下三段做了具体分析。可见，本文着重点在于分析原因。
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