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  3. Many people associate their self-worth with their work. The more successful their career, the better they feel about themselves.

Many people associate their self-worth with their work. The more successful their career, the better they feel about themselves.

admin2023-01-31  1
问题     Many people associate their self-worth with their work. The more successful their career, the better they feel about themselves. Work-related self-esteem is therefore a worthy ideal to pursue with vigor, right? Well, not always. According to recent research, in which psychologists interviewed 370 full-time workers over a period of three weeks, the reality is a little more complicated. And it involves negative as well as positive consequences.
    It’s natural to be drawn towards pleasure and to step away from pain. In the workplace, if that pleasure comes from a triumph which swells our self-respect, people will try to repeat the accomplishment. But repeating that accomplishment is often not realistic, which can lead to severe negative emotional consequences when it doesn’t reoccur. This form of motivation is widely regarded as a negative type of motivation. It can hinder other more positive motivation types, such as completing a task purely because it’s fulfilling or enjoyable.
    What consumes the employee instead is a pressing need to feel mighty and sure of themselves. They then take on only tasks and objectives which serve that ego-driven need. As a result, to avoid feelings of shame and worthlessness associated with failure, they extend themselves to such a degree that there’s a subsequent adverse effect on their well-being. This internal pressure to succeed at all costs demands a lot of effort. It depletes their energy, culminating in disproportionate levels of damaging sentiment.
    Those negative emotions mount into heightened anxiety, impacting their ability to make the most of their personal life. Their desire to avoid feeling inferior ends up making them feel inferior when it comes to their diminished capacity for friendship and leisure. They end up dissatisfied both at work and outside of it.
    But thankfully, for those people compelled almost entirely by this specific form of motivation, the news isn’t all bad, or bad at all. The study also discovered several positive outcomes that can actually outweigh the harmful ones. Though these types of employees are motivated by the desire to avoid negative consequences, they are also motivated by the excitement of pursuing emotional rewards. This excitement makes pursuing goals enjoyable and stimulates pleasure and pride that would result from success. An effect of the positive motivation is that it neutralizes the existence of negative motivation.
    Sure, it affects people’s personal lives to what could be deemed an unhealthy extent, because leisure activities are often seen as a part of life that must be sacrificed to manage work and family demands.
    However, the way people feel about their work has less to do with whether they’re motivated by the preservation of self-esteem but more with the fact that they’re simply motivated.
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
选项 A、Workers have to make sacrifices to preserve self-esteem.
B、Self-esteem swells when workers are strongly motivated.
C、Pursuit of goals affects people’s personal lives to an unhealthy extent.
D、People feel positive about their work as long as they are motivated.
答案D
解析 根据题干要求定位到最后一段。题目询问能从最后一段中推断出什么信息。该段最后一句提到，人们对自己工作的感受，更多的是仅仅取决于他们受到激励这一事实(more with the fact that，they’re simply motivated)。换言之，只要受到激励，人们就会对工作有积极感受，故选D项。A项“员工必须做出牺牲来维护自尊”，末段第一句说到人们往往会牺牲自己的休闲活动以成全工作和家庭之需，但并没有说这些牺牲是为了维护自尊。最后一段没有提到Self. esteem swells的内容，故排除B项“当员工受到强烈激励时，自尊心会增强”。C项“追求目标对人们的个人生活造成了不健康的影响”是末段首句中直接表述的内容，不是通过推断而来的信息，与题目要求的infer不符。
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