Gold Rush in California Vocabulary and Expressions nugget sawmill financier Alexander Van Valen’s wife made a living by

Gold Rush in California
   In 1847, California became a US territory. Most Americans at the time lived on the East Coast. But thousands traveled west to California after a settler reported finding gold there.
   James Marshall was the one who found the gold nugget in January 1848. Mr. Marshall was building a sawmill near the American River in central California. When he looked in the water, he saw shiny pieces of metal. One of them was about the size of a fingernail. He took the piece, put it in his mouth, and he knew he found gold because the metal was soft. He and his boss gave the nugget to the US government to prove they found gold on the land.
   News of James Marshall’s discovery traveled to the East Coast. But communication was slow in the middle of the 19th century. People in the big eastern cities of New York and Boston heard only rumors about gold in California. It was not until December 1848, almost a year after Mr. Marshall’s discovery, that President James Polk told Congress the rumors were true. During the next weeks and months, thousands of young men from the Northeast left their homes and families to seek great riches in California.
   "You didn’t really have to work for it, as far as they knew. You just had to lean over and pick it up and you were rich. " One of those young men was Benjamin Buckley. His records suggest he found thousands of dollars’ worth of gold. Buckley put some money in banks and sent some to family members.
   Alexander Van Valen, however, was not as successful. The Smithsonian’s Museum of American History still has the letters he wrote to his wife and daughters in New York at that time. "His wife tried to make a living by sewing and borrowing money from the financiers against her husband’s future profits. But it wasn’t any easier for her than it was for her husband 3, 000 miles away in California. " according to his letters. In two years, Alexander Van Valen earned only $500.
   History proves the California Gold Rush was important for other reasons. "The Gold Rush really put California on the map. It made it desirable. It made the East Coast really want California to become part of the U. S. So, it was huge. " And in 1850, California became the country’s 31st state.