2. 外语
  3. Like ants, termites have an elaborate social structure in which a few individuals reproduce and the rest are serving the colony

Like ants, termites have an elaborate social structure in which a few individuals reproduce and the rest are serving the colony

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问题 Like ants, termites have an elaborate social structure in which a few individuals reproduce and the rest are serving the colony by tending juveniles, gathering food, building the nest, or they battle intruders.
选项 A、are serving the colony by tending juveniles, gathering food, building the nest, or they battle
B、are serving the colony in that they tend juven es, gather food, build the nest, or battle
C、serve the colony, tending juveniles, gathering food, building the nest, or by battling
D、serve the colony by tending juveniles, gathering food, by building the nest, or by battling
E、serve the colony by tending juveniles, gathering food, building the nest, or battling
答案E
解析 Parallelism; Rhetorical construction
The sentence most effectively uses parallel structure to contrast two types of termites in the social structure of termite colonies: those who reproduce, and those who serve the colony in a number of ways. The progressive verb form are serving should be changed to simple present tense serve to parallel reproduce. In the final list of responsibilities, parallelism demands that all assume the gerund form as objects of the preposition: by tending... gathering... building... or battling.
A The progressive verb form are serving is inappropriate for this general claim about termite behavior. It should parallel the previous verb reproduce. It is unnecessary to introduce a new clause or they battle intruders, because battling is another way some termites serve the colony and should therefore be expressed as another object of the preposition by.
B In that they is an awkward and wordy construction—a poor substitute for by in this context.
C The preposition by clarifies how the termites serve their colony and should govern all of the task descriptions, not just the final one.
D There is no need to repeat the preposition by, because all tasks can be described in a series of parallel objects of the same preposition. To violate parallel structure by omitting the preposition before one gerund but repeating it for the rest confuses the reader.
E Correct. The sentence uses proper parallel structure and is clear and concise.
The correct answer is E.
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