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  3. Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and yo

Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and yo

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问题     Writing Based on Reading and Listening
    Directions:
    For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen.
    Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question.
    Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content.
    You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.
    Write your response in the space provided.
    Reading
    You will have 3 minutes to read the passage.
    As people’s awareness of oral health has increased, more and more patients are going to the dentist to have their cavities filled. There are now plenty of kinds of dental materials for people to choose from and so traditional amalgam fillings made from mercury should be banned.
    Repairing teeth with mercury is harmful to people’s health. After repairing teeth with amalgam fillings, mercury can evaporate from the fillings during the chewing process and be absorbed by the body into blood circulation. Long-term intake of a small amount of mercury could cause chronic poisoning and disturb the central nervous system, causing many diseases such as restlessness, irritability, and depression.
    Moreover, mercury is often flushed into rivers and seas after it has been used. This poses a severe threat to wildlife. Carnivores at the top of the food chain can accumulate thousands or even millions of times more mercury than what is in the water. Humans are then affected when they consume contaminated wildlife such as fish. High levels of mercury exposure will affect a person’s nervous system and growth. Pregnant women are especially at risk because the fetal nervous system is very sensitive to mercury.
    Finally, we should get rid of mercury because there are so many good alternatives such as gold, ceramic, and resin glass. Gold, ceramic, and resin glass are not only harmless to humans and the environment, but they are also more durable than mercury. There is absolutely no good reason to continue using mercury to repair our teeth.
    Then you will hear:
    Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
    Lecture
   
    Question
    Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.
As concerns over health increase, people have become more cautious about the use of mercury fillings to repair their teeth. Some people even suggest that we should completely stop using mercury to repair teeth. Mercury may not be the best material to repair teeth, but there is no reason to ban it.
    First, absorbing a little mercury into the human body, such as is the case from fillings, is not a big problem. The reason that some people have health issues after using mercury is that they are allergic to it. Only a few people have such an allergy.
    Second, there are ways to prevent mercury from flowing into the ocean and polluting the environment. There is no reason to spend more money on other materials when the problems with amalgam fillings are easily solved. Besides, most dental clinics have mercury recycling equipment to prevent environmental contamination.
    Finally, mercury is irreplaceable as a filling material since it’s cheap, durable and effective. While dental research has led to many other materials being made available for use as dental fillings, these all have problems such as being expensive, less durable, or difficult to obtain and utilize. For these reasons, mercury is still the first choice of many dentists.
选项
答案 The reading presents three reasons mercury should be banned as a substance for repairing teeth. The professor then explains why he does not think the reading provides a convincing argument for banning mercury for dental treatment. The first reason the reading says mercury should be banned in tooth fillings is that mercury can escape from the rilling during the chewing process and cause chronic poisoning. The professor does not think this is reasonable because the amount of mercury released during chewing is not enough to cause major problems. He claims that only the few people who have allergies to mercury will have health problems. The reading’s second reason for banning mercury is the risk to the environment and to people who eat wildlife such as fish that have consumed mercury. However, the professor argues that there are ways to prevent the mercury used in fillings from being released into the environment. The reading’s final reason for banning mercury is that there are many excellent alternatives to mercury such as gold, ceramic, and resin glass. The professor rebuts this by saying that these alternatives are more expensive, not very durable, and difficult to obtain and utilize.
解析     针对水银能不能用作补牙替代品的问题，阅读文章持否定意见，并提出三点理由：首先，水银可能在咀嚼的过程中溢出，从而影响到中枢系统；其次，水银会污染水域环境等；最后，有比水银更合适的替代品。而听力则认为这三点论据都不具有说服力，水银是合适的补牙替代品。
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