首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Writing Experimental Reports I. Content of an experimental report, e.g. — study subject/area — study purpose【T1】______【T1】______
Writing Experimental Reports I. Content of an experimental report, e.g. — study subject/area — study purpose【T1】______【T1】______
admin
2017-03-07
27
问题
Writing Experimental Reports
I. Content of an experimental report, e.g.
— study subject/area
— study purpose【T1】______【T1】______
II. Presentation of an experimental report
-【T2】______【T2】______
— regarding readers as【T3】______【T3】______
III. Structure of an experimental report
— feature: highly structured and【T4】______【T4】______
— sections and their content
INTRODUCTION【T5】______: why you did it【T5】______
METHOD how you did it
RESULTS what you found out
【T6】______ what you think it shows【T6】______
IV. Sense of readership
—【T7】______: reader is the marker【T7】______
—【T8】______: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person【T8】______
with little knowledge of your study
— tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:
- introduction to relevant area
-【T9】______【T9】______
- development of clear arguments
- definition of【T10】______【T10】______
- precise description of data【T11】______【T11】______
V.【T12】______ in report writing【T12】______
— early stage:
- understanding of study subject/area and its【T13】______【T13】______
- basic grasp of the report’s format
— later stage:
【T14】______ on research significance【T14】______
— things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:
- inadequate material
-【T15】______ of research justification for the study【T15】______
【T1】
Writing Experimental Reports
Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write experimental reports.
When you first signed up for a course in university, like a psychology course, chances are that you didn’t really expect what was coming in your study: particularly, the course emphasis on methodology and statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that you have already known something about the course. For most, however, I dare say, it will undoubtedly have been a shock to the system.
No doubt in other parts of your course study, you will read books and journals, examining, critically, models and theories, assumptions and hypotheses put forward by scholars and specialists. My task today is to help you understand some of the important features of experimental reports, because you will have to write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work, especially experimenting.
Then what is an experimental report?
All a report is, really, is the place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process, and so on. In doing this, you are more like an ancient storyteller, whose stories were structured in accordance with widely recognized and long-established conventions, than a modern novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the storyteller of old, although you will invariably be telling your story to someone who knows quite a bit about it already, you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. This means that you will need to spell out the details and assume little knowledge of the area on the part of your audience.
Then, perhaps, you may ask, what is the nature of the conventions governing the report?
A clue, I think, can be found in its basic structure. A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and these sections, by and large, follow an established sequence. What this means is that, in the telling, your story is to be cut up into chunks: different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report. What you did and why you did it appear in the section called INTRODUCTION. How you did it is in the METHOD section. And what you found out is in the RESULT section. And, finally, what you think it shows appears in the DISCUSSION part. As you can see, the report, therefore, is a formal document composed of a series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear. We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as we go along. For example, what are the subsections in the METHOD?
But today, I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away.
The first of these concerns the person to whom you should address your report, whom I shall call "your reader". A very common mistake, especially early on, is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report. In reality, however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else — an idealized, hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which it took place. Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind. So you need to make sure that you have:
1. introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study:
2. provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it:
3. spelt out and developed your arguments clearly:
4. defined technical terms:
And 5. provided precise details of the way in which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained.
In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for granted about your reader’s knowledge of your area of study. So when in doubt, spell it out. This is my advice to you.
If you find this difficult to do, then a useful approach is to write the report as if it would be read by someone you know who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject. A friend of yours, say. Write it as if this person were going to have to read and understand it. Indeed, it is a good idea, if you can, to get just such a person to read your report before handing it in.
The demands and expectations placed upon you will of course, vary with your experience of report writing. Early on in your study, as an author of experimental reports, less will be expected of you than later. At this early stage, you will be expected mainly to show that you understand what you did in your report and its implications, together with evidence that you have, at least a basic grasp of the demands of the report’s format.
Later on, however, you will be expected to pay more attention to this research significance of what you did. The "why you did it" part will become more important because in being responsible for the choice of topic and design, you will be expected to be able to justify this choice. So you must be able to tell us why it is, that given the options available to you, you decided to conduct your particular study. You will need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking about how the ideas that you are entertaining for your experiment or study will look in the report, paying particular attention to how they will fit into the part of INTRODUCTION. Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are:
First, a lack of adequate material to put in the section:
And second the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification, because it is based on assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area.
Thinking clearly in advance will help you to avoid making these mistakes.
OK. Today we’ve had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about and some of the basic issues like reader awareness, so on and so forth. Next time, we will discuss how to write up the INTRODUCTION section.
选项
答案
study method//study findings//results//discussion//discoveries
解析
原文说,实验报告包括“研究问题/领域”“研究目的”以及what you found out in the process。因此,应填study findings、results或记忆中的其他内容。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/5keMFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
InEnglish,"vis"bearsthemeaningof"tolookatsomething"andcanbecombinedwithaffixestoformnewwords,asinsupervis
Whichamongthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtoassociativemeaning?
Inourtimeitisbroadlytruethatpoliticalwritingisbadwriting.Whereitisnottrue,itwillgenerallybefoundthatthe
Inourtimeitisbroadlytruethatpoliticalwritingisbadwriting.Whereitisnottrue,itwillgenerallybefoundthatthe
HowtoApproachDiscursiveWritingHowtoimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents’writing?Therearesixstageswhichshouldbe
Therearesomanystoriesaboutyoungandpromisingpeoplewhosacrificetheirownlivestorescuesomeoneelse.Somepeoplethi
Comparedwithwrittencomplexquestionnaires,structuredinterviews
Comparedwithwrittencomplexquestionnaires,structuredinterviews
Amazon,whichgotitsstartsellingbooksonline,announcedthisyearthat,forthefirsttime,itsdigitalbookshadoutsold
随机试题
幼儿学习的方式随着语言的发生及其在心理活动中作用的增长而有所变化。幼儿学习方式主要有_________、_________、言语学习、综合性的学习方式和关系中的学习等。
判断下列句子是否符合普通话规范在老师的教育下,使我提高了认识。()
患者女,48岁。确诊甲亢,放射性核素131I治疗1周后突发高热、心慌。体格检查:T40%,心率160次/分,心房颤动,呼吸急促,大汗淋漓,烦躁不安。实验室检查:血WBC↑,N↑,FT3↑,FT4↑TSH↓。该患者最可能的诊断是
在潮湿和易触及带电体场所的照明电源电压不得大于()伏。
下列关于预付款担保的说法中,正确的是()。
()简单易行,适用于施工条件正常、产品稳定、工序重复量大和统计工作制度健全的施工过程。
某小区高层住宅突发火情,公安消防部门接警后及时处警,当消防人员抵达后,电梯因大火而停用,有3组10多位消防员先行通过爬楼梯登楼(即图示的消防楼梯),第一时间打开北面保姆房开展救援行为。下图为这次火灾的现场示意图:假设本次火灾事故被妥善处置后,上级要求
某国家领导人要在连续6天(分别编号为第一天,第二天,……,第六天)内视察6座工厂F、G、H、J、Q和R,每天只视察一座工厂,每座工厂只被视察一次。视察时间的安排必须符合下列条件:(1)视察F在第一天或第六天。(2)视察J的日子比视察Q的
社会主义道德是对中华传统美德的传承与升华,是对中国革命道德的继承和发展。社会主义道德建设的核心是()
SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJobManypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfour
最新回复
(
0
)