2. 考研
  3. We live in a time of great contrasts, when fewer than 100 people control as much of the world’s wealth as the poorest 3. 5 billi

We live in a time of great contrasts, when fewer than 100 people control as much of the world’s wealth as the poorest 3. 5 billi

admin2019-03-20  51
问题 We live in a time of great contrasts, when fewer than 100 people control as much of the world’s wealth as the poorest 3. 5 billion combined. But we also live in a time when many developing countries have the strongest growth rates in the world, which each year helps millions of people lift themselves out of extreme poverty.
Our economists estimate that roughly 1 billion people around the world live in extreme poverty today in 2014—this is down from an estimated 1. 2 billion people in 2010. This difficult-to-grasp number is falling steadily and surely, but reaching our twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity won’t be easy. Developing countries will have to grow at a pace stronger than any time in the past 20 years. To end extreme poverty by 2030, the vast rolls of the poorest—those earning less than $1. 25 a day—will have to decrease by 50 million people each year.
Economic growth has been vital for reducing extreme poverty and improving the lives of many poor people. But if this mass migration of people moving from poverty to prosperity is really to gather strength, we need growth that is inclusive creates jobs, and assists the poor directly.
Growth, of course, remains critically important—responsible for three-quarters of the reduction in poverty numbers. So when we look at the global economy today, growth in high-income countries is accelerating and developing countries are growing, though less briskly than before.
Short term risks to the global economy have eased. Increasingly our worries are focused on the medium-term. Our concern is that the pace of reform could be slowing in this post-crisis period. The focus must return urgently to the structural reform agenda. Even a small setback can result in leaving millions of families in destitution rather than escaping poverty.
Today we’re releasing a report called " Prosperity for All," which clearly makes the point that tackling poverty requires understanding where the greatest number of poor live. But it also shows that we must concentrate where hardship is most pervasive.
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答案 我们生活在一个贫富悬殊的世界，世界上不到100个人控制的财富相当于35亿最贫困人口的财富总和。但是，我们生活的这个时代也是一个许多发展中国家保持着世界最高的经济增长率和每年帮助数百万人口脱贫的时代。 据我们的经济学家估计，目前，也就是2014年世界上约有10亿人生活在极度贫困之中，比2010年估计的12亿人有所减少。这个难以把握的数字在稳步下降。但是，要想达到2030年终结极度贫困和促进共享繁荣这两项目标并非易事。发展中国家的经济必须以高于过去20年中任何一年的速度增长。为了到2030年终结极度贫困，大量贫困人口，即每天收入低于1．25美元的贫困人口的人数，必须每年减少5 000万人。 经济增长对于减少极度贫困和改善大量贫困人口的生活至关重要。但是，如果想要加强这个人口大量脱贫致富的势头，我们需要使经济增长具有包容性，能够创造就业和直接救助穷人。 当然，经济增长依然极其重要，对脱贫人口中的四分之三负有责任。所以，我们今天看到在全球经济中，高收入国家的经济增长正在加速，而发展中国家也在增长，尽管速度略低于过去。 全球经济面临的短期风险已经缓解。我们的担忧越来越集中在中期上。我们担忧的是在这个后危机时期，改革的步伐有可能放慢。我们迫切需要重新聚焦到结构性改革的议程上。即使是微小的倒退都有可能导致数以百万的家庭继续陷于贫困而不是摆脱贫困。 今天，我们发布了一份题为《共同繁荣》的报告，清楚地说明了解决贫困问题要求我们必须了解绝大多数贫困人口在哪里。但报告也说明我们必须把精力集中在贫困最普遍的地方。
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