首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
admin
2021-02-21
61
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not.
The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that _____.
选项
A、they disliked its taste
B、it affected their immune systems
C、it led to stomach pains
D、they associated it with stomachaches
答案
D
解析
推理判断题。根据文章第三段:在实验中,老鼠被喂食了大量糖精,并注射能抑制其免疫系统功能的药物而造成腹痛。因此老鼠将糖精与腹痛联系起来,并迅速学会了不吃糖精。D项与文中所表达的意思一致,故而正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/qJpRFFFM
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom-awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Through
Conveniencefoodhelpscompaniesbycreatinggrowth;butwhatisitseffectonpeople?Forpeoplewhothinkcookingwasthefoun
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’
Readthefollowingtextandchoosethebestanswerfromtherightcolumntocompleteeachoftheunfinishedstatementsinthele
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA—Gforeachnumberedpara
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedpa
随机试题
以下有关行政赔偿范围的规定的表述中错误的是()。
某产品的变动成本率为60%,则该产品的边际贡献率是()
A.依诺肝素B.华法林C.水蛭素D.鱼精蛋白E.氨甲环酸直接凝血酶抑制剂是()。
线性组织结构来自于()系统。
城乡规划实施的监督检查中,不包括()。
票据的签发、取得和转让,应当遵循()的原则,具有真实的交易关系和债权债务关系。
Thedestructionofthesetreasureswasalossformankindthatnoamountofmoneycould________.
邓小平的社会主义本质论是对传统社会主义观的发展,这是因为它
Dopeoplegethappierormorefoul-temperedastheyage?Stereotypesofirritableneighbors【C1】______,scientistshavebeentryi
下面关于主板ROMBIOS的叙述中,错误的是
最新回复
(
0
)