首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fi
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fi
admin
2017-01-17
18
问题
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.【C1】______
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.【C2】______.
In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.【C3】______.
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture .
【C4】______
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.【C5】______.
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.
[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
[F] Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.
【C3】
选项
答案
A
解析
A项主要介绍了什么叫diffusionism,它认为文化的变革是有单一的起源的,并且这种变革会在社会之间传递。第五段出现了diffusionism,由此可判断A项出现在44题之前。而且other anthropologists的出现表明,前文可能出现了anthropologist这一词,回到原文中找各个人的职业,就可以看到整篇文章提出的4个主要理论家中,只有Lewis Henry Morgan和Franz Boas的职业是anthropologist,因此可推出,A项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/pHv7FFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowinginformation.Makecommentsandexpressyourownopinion.
SupposeyouryoungersisterisgoingtotheUnitedStatesforfurthereducation.Writeanaffidavitofsupportforherto1)
Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowinginformation.Makecommentsandexpressyourownopinion.
Itiscommonknowledgethathealthyfoodssuchasfruitsandvegetablescontaincertainnutrientsthatpromotegoodhealth—namel
Notsolongago,itwasthestuffofnightmares:youpickupthelandlinetelephoneandthere’snodialingtone.Nothing.Theph
Notsolongago,itwasthestuffofnightmares:youpickupthelandlinetelephoneandthere’snodialingtone.Nothing.Theph
Notsolongago,itwasthestuffofnightmares:youpickupthelandlinetelephoneandthere’snodialingtone.Nothing.Theph
Notsolongago,itwasthestuffofnightmares:youpickupthelandlinetelephoneandthere’snodialingtone.Nothing.Theph
随机试题
清洁
A.真阴亏损B.虚火上炎C.二者均是D.二者均非(1994年第113,114题)左归丸病证的病机是()
具有清宣燥热、益气润肺功效的方剂是具有滋养肺胃、降逆和中功效的方剂是
胃肠道穿孔的最典型X线征象为()。
下列行为中构成妨害传染病防治罪的有:
下列不属于利率中介功能的是()。
参考样与成交样品的性质相同,可以为正式的检验依据。()
下列各项中,不属于诉讼时效中断事由的是()。
2010年,研究人员在富含砷的沉淀物中发现了一种怪异的生物体,这种被命名为“GFAJ一1”的细菌可以在富砷少磷的实验环境中茁壮生存。研究人员称,这种细菌已经将砷元素取代磷元素的位置,改写了自己的DNA。由此有人认为生命法则已被推翻,然而,最近的研究否定了这
A、Thecertificateandthepassport.B、Theapplicationandtheresults.C、Thedocumentsandtheapplication.D、Theevidenceofth
最新回复
(
0
)