Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may tak

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问题    Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear each passage only once. Now, let’s begin.
Looking to the future, I see major changes that could transform the world as we know it. They include robots taking jobs on a widespread scale and rising seas caused by climate change that will flood coastal areas. These changes would create daunting challenges for global leaders. The costs of producing robots have fallen substantially. Robots can perform a wide range of sophisticated functions and are replacing labor in many industries. Automation is already causing many workers in the American manufacturing industries, particularly the auto industry, to lose jobs. I believe that in the not-too-distant future, robots will probably replace people for most of the jobs in the economy.
   Now it is a good time to be a worker if you have special skills or the right education, because you can use technology to create value and increase your earning. However, it is now a bad time to be a worker if you only have ordinary skills, because robots are acquiring these skills at a fast rate, which means you will lose your job. It is estimated that 47 percent of U.S. workers may see their jobs automated over the next 20 years. Right now, healthcare and pensions are paid for through jobs. However, if a significant part of the future population loses jobs because of automation, society will have to find other ways of providing healthcare and pensions. If no other ways are found, those who lose their jobs to robots could cause social and political unrest.
   Turning to climate change, almost all leading scientists believe that global warming is real and will lead to more frequent and severe storms, changes in climate patterns, and higher ocean levels as a result of warming water and the melting of ice on Antarctica. Sea levels will rise at different rates around the world, but most scientists forecast that the sea could rise above current levels by one meter by 2100. In recent decades, an increasing number of people have moved to big coastal cities, and some 600 million people around the world live in costal areas. But rising sea levels caused by climate change pose major risks to some of the globe’s major cities like New York, Boston, Venice and Tokyo. Rising sea levels could put parts of them under water. It would cost several dozen trillion US dollars to relocate millions of people that will be displaced by these rising seas.
   A new potential problem, namely climate change refugees, has raised widespread public concern because many people may have to flee deteriorating home environments caused by higher temperatures, worsening storms, or the rise of sea levels. This would accelerate mass population migration at a time when there is little acceptance of refugees in rich countries. These changes have the potential to transform modern life. Any of the two scenarios I mentioned above could produce tremendous changes and lead to political unrest. Now it is not the time to think small and believe that change will be slow. Rather, leaders need to think big and accept that technological and climate changes will be fast and substantial.
   For these reasons, there needs to be improvements in governance. It is crucial to end the winner-take-all system. If people feel that one social group is earning more than its fair share of economic and political benefits, political and social conflict will intensify. The possibility of resulting local or regional disputes escalating into global ones is real. This makes it imperative for global leaders to create better ways to resolve problems and defuse conflicts. Finding mechanisms to deal with these challenges should be a top priority for the international community.

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答案 展望未来,我认为将出现有可能改变当今世界的重大变化。这些变化包括大规模替代人工的机器人,以及气候变化导致海平面上升,淹没沿海地区。这些变化将对全球领导人提出巨大的挑战。生产机器人的成本已经大幅度下降。机器人能够完成各种各样复杂的任务,在很多工业领域中正在取代人工。自动化已经使美国的许多制造业部门,特别是汽车制造业的工人失去工作。我认为,在不久的将来,机器人有可能取代经济活动中大部分人工工作。 如果你有特殊技能或接受过专门教育,那么现在是你当工人的好时候。因为你可以用技术创造价值,增加自己的收入。但如果你只有一般的技能,你现在当工人就很糟糕,因为机器人正在快速掌握这些技能,而这意味着你将失业。据估计,在今后20年中,47%的美国工人的工作有可能被自动化所代替。目前,医疗保险和养老金是靠就业人员交纳来实现的。但是,如果未来人口的很大一部分由于自动化而失业,社会将不得不寻找其他途径来提供医疗保险和养老金。如果找不到其他途径,那些由于机器人而失业的群体可能会造成社会和政治动荡。 谈到气候变化,几乎所有的一流科学家都认为确实存在全球变暖,而且由于全球变暖,将产生更加频繁、更加严重的风暴,气候条件将发生变化,海水变暖和南极积冰的融化将造成海平面上升。世界各地海平面上升的速度会不一样,但是大部分科学家预测,到2100年,海平面将比现在的水平升高一米。近几十年来,移居沿海大城市的人口日益增加,现在全世界有大约六亿人口在沿海地区居住。但是,气候变化造成的海平面上升对全球的一些大都市造成威胁,这些城市包括纽约、波士顿、威尼斯和东京。上升的海平面将淹没这些城市的一部分。需要花几十万亿美元才能重新安置数百万流离失所的居民。 现在出现了一个新的潜在问题,即气候变化难民。这个问题已经引起了公众的广泛关切。人们担心,由于气温升高,风暴更加肆虐,或者海平面上升,许多人将被迫逃离日益恶化的家园。这将加快人口大规模转移,而富裕国家又不愿意接受难民。这些变化可能会改变现代生活。我刚才介绍的两种情况中任何一种都可能带来巨大的变化,从而导致政治动荡。现在,人们不应该只看到小处,并认为变化将是缓慢的。恰恰相反,领导人应当往大处看,承认技术和气候变化将是急剧和巨大的。 这就要求改善治理,必须终止赢者通吃的规则。如果人们认为,某一个社会群体不公平地获得了更多的经济和政治利益,那么政治和社会冲突将加剧。由此产生的地方或地区性冲突升级为全球性冲突的可能性确实存在。这就要求全球领导人采取更好的办法,解决这些问题,化解冲突。找到应对这些挑战的机制应当成为国际社会的首要任务。

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