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  3. 61) People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that Unprecedented change in the nation’s

61) People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that Unprecedented change in the nation’s

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问题     61) People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that Unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. 62)Accompanying that growth that was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation’s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.
     Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its make-up also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility—downward as well as upward—touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three-quarters of the population—in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the North-east, and in the restless rural counties of the West, changed their residence each decade. 63) As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society," and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded.
     Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. 64)In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. 65) The intimacy of marriage that was common in early periods was rent  and gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.
选项
答案伴随经济增长出现的是结构变化，其特征是不断增加的经济多元化和全国劳动力从农业向制造业以及其他非农业事业的逐渐转变。
解析 本句中有三个that，它们的意思分别是：第一个that是指示代词，意思是“这种”；第二个that构成特殊的句型：…that is/was sth．正常语序应该是：sth is/was…，本句正常语序应该是：A structural change was accompanying that growth…，因为在a structural change后面又有一个定语从句，由第三个that引导，而且很长，为了避免句子头重脚轻，不平衡，所以采用这种句型。动词feature的意思是“是…的特征(特色)，以…为特征(特色)”，翻译本句时，词性转化，作名词处理。
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