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  3. Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peo

Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peo

admin2022-07-29  56
问题     Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances.
    However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.
    Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between small-town and big-city residents. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents, yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities.
    Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers.
    Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city people are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a multinational outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
What is the text mainly about?
选项 A、Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers.
B、Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C、The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D、The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
答案A
解析 本题是主旨题，需综合各段主题进行判断：第一段：过去人们认为现代社会淡薄了人们的亲情和邻里观念。第二段：研究表明即使在城市，人们除邻居外仍有密切交往的社交圈子。第三段：有意义的人际关系的数量和质量在小镇居民和大城市居民之间并无大异。第四段：城市化会影响人们的生活方式，但生活质量并无差异。第五段：城镇之间的多样性和行为举止差异是由人口规模造成的。综合以上各段主题，可以发现作者首先针对城市和乡镇之间人们的自然关系状况提出了两种不同的观点，随后一直在论述第二个观点，即有意义的人际关系的数量和质量在城市和乡镇之间并无大异，然后作者通过对比大城市和小城镇居民的相似性来支持自己的观点，因此，选项A与原文的主题一致，属于全面概括，为正确选项。选项B和选项C均属于无中生有，文章没有相关信息论述大城市所具有的优势或正面作用。选项D的“The strong feeling of alienation”来自第四段第二句，这只是原文细节，不是主题，属于以偏概全，而且本句强调：大城市居民也不见得就比小社区居民更容易呈现出紧张或陌生感，这说明城市居民的紧张或陌生感等心理症状与小镇居民具有一定相似性，并非在强调城市居民的强烈疏远感，所以选项D从细节本身来看，也属于正反混淆。
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