2. 外语
  3. Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believ

Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believ

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问题     Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase "substance abuse" is often used instead of "drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
    We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
    Drugs(substances)that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic(from the Greek word meaning "mind manifesting")because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness.  
"Substance abuse"(Line 5, Para. 1)is preferable to "drug abuse" in that______.
选项 A、substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
B、drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drug takers
C、alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
D、many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
答案D
解析 本题可参照文章的第1段。从中可知，从技术的角度讲，除食品外，任何能改变我们生理或心理机能的物质都是药物；许多人错误地认为，药物这个词只指某些药品或嗜毒者服用的违禁化学药品，他们没有意识到像酒精和烟草这类常见物质也是药物；医生和心理学家们经常用“物质滥用”取代“药物滥用”，来明确表明像酒精和烟草这样的物质也会像海洛因和可卡因一样因滥用而造成危害。据此可知，能够对人造成伤害的不只是海洛因和可卡因这类药物，其他许多物质都可以对人造成伤害。D项与文章的意思相符；A项与文章第1段第2句话的意思不符；B项与文章第1段第2、3句话的意思不符；C项不正确，文章只是说“酒精和烟草也能像海洛因和可卡因一样因滥用而对人造成危害”，并没有说使人致命。综上所述，只有D项为正确答案。
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