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  3. Contingent fees, in which clients pay lawyers only if a case is won, have long been a feature of America’s legal system. Many ot

Contingent fees, in which clients pay lawyers only if a case is won, have long been a feature of America’s legal system. Many ot

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问题     Contingent fees, in which clients pay lawyers only if a case is won, have long been a feature of America’s legal system. Many other countries used to bar them, wary of importing America’s ambulance-chasing culture. But a belated acceptance of their benefits means they are now widely allowed. "No-win, no-fee" arrangements help shift risks from parties to a suit to their lawyers, and make it less likely that a would-be plaintiff decides not to press a strong case for fear of a big financial loss.
    Around a decade ago, some lawyers took the principle of risk-shifting further. They accepted money from third parties to fund cases in exchange for some of the winnings. Lawsuit finance has since taken off. Fortune 500 companies and New York’s elite law firms increasingly tap outside capital when pursuing multi-million-dollar suits.
    Funds that invest in lawsuits are on the rise. In the past 18 months some 30 have launched; over $2bn has been raised. Last year Burford Capital, an industry heavyweight, put $1. 3bn into cases—more than triple the amount it deployed in 2016. Lee Drucker of Lake Whillans, a firm that funds lawsuits, says he gets calls weekly from institutional investors seeking an asset uncorrelated with the rest of the market—payouts from lawsuits bear no relation to interest-rate rises or stockmarket swings.
    Such outside funding does not just enable plaintiffs to pursue potentially lucrative cases. It also allows law firms to hedge risk. Some clients, worried about the misaligned incentives caused by law firms’ sky-high hourly rates, insist on partial or full contingency-payment schemes. Outside funding lets firms recoup some revenue even if they do not win a case.
    Returns are usually a multiple of the investment or a percentage of the settlement, or some combination of the two. Funders of a winning suit can expect to double, triple or quadruple their money. Cases that are up for appeal, where the timespan is short—usually 18-24 months—and the chance of a loss slimmer, offer lower returns. New cases that are expected to take years offer higher potential payouts.
    A maturing market means more sophisticated offerings. To spread risk, funders are bundling cases into portfolios and taking a share of the proceeds. Last year Burford ploughed $726m into portfolio deals, compared with $72m into stand-alone suits.
    As funders compete for high-quality investments, opportunities in new markets arise. Bentham IMF, a lawsuit funder based in New York, has joined Kobre & Kim, a law firm, to set up a $30m fund for Israeli startups to pursue claims against multinationals—for example, over trade-secret violations. A burgeoning secondary market is likely to develop further, allowing investors to cash out before long-running suits are closed. Burford recently sold its stake in an arbitration case concerning two Argentine airlines for a return of 736％. Such mouth-watering profits should keep luring capital into the courtroom.
Firms can evade risks by________.
选项 A、outside investment in lawsuits
B、refund of some revenue
C、insisting on contingent fees
D、enabling plaintiffs to pursue possible profitable cases
答案A
解析 细节题。根据Firms can evade risks定位至第四段第二句“它还允许律师事务所对冲风险”，而这里的it在第四段第一句中有所描述，即“这种外部资金不仅使原告能够提起可能有利可图的诉讼”，结合起来与A项表述一致；其他选项均答非所问，均排除。
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