2. 考研
  3. As foreseen in last year’s issue of this report, the world economy weakened considerably. A growing number of developed economie

As foreseen in last year’s issue of this report, the world economy weakened considerably. A growing number of developed economie

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问题 As foreseen in last year’s issue of this report, the world economy weakened considerably. A growing number of developed economies, especially in Europe, have already fallen into a double-dip recession, while those facing sovereign debt distress moved even deeper into recession. Many developed economies are caught in downward spiralling dynamics from high unemployment, weak aggregate demand compounded by fiscal austerity, high public debt burdens, and financial fragility.
The economic woes of the developed countries are spilling over to developing countries and economies in transition through weaker demand for their exports and heightened volatility in capital flows and commodity prices. The larger developing economies also face home-grown problems, however, with some(including China)facing much weakened investment demand because of financing constraints in some sectors of the economy and excess production capacity elsewhere. Most low-income countries have held up relatively well so far, but are now also facing intensified adverse spillover effects from the slowdown in both developed and major middle-income countries. The prospects for the next two years continue to be challenging, fraught with major uncertainties and risks slanted towards the downside.(182 words)
选项
答案 正如去年的报告所预测的那样，世界经济明显衰退。越来越多的发达经济体陷入二次衰退，尤其是在欧洲，那些面临严重主权债务危机的国家又陷入了更深的衰退中。由于居高不下的失业率、财政紧缩导致的总需求疲弱、过重的债务负担以及金融体系的脆弱性，许多发达经济体的经济已陷入螺旋式下滑。 发达国家低迷的经济形势正在通过其对出口产品需求减弱以及资本流动和大宗商品价格的剧烈波动向发展中国家转型经济体蔓延。包括中国在内主要发展中国家也面临着越来越多来自国内的压力，比如在一些行业中资金约束限制了投资需求，而另一些行业则存在产能过剩。许多低收入国家的经济之前还能勉强支撑，如今却越来越多地遭受着来自发达国家和主要中等收入国家经济放缓的双重负面溢出效应。未来两年的经济前景仍充满挑战，存在较大的不确定性和经济下行风险。
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