2. 外语
  3. Three basic pathophysiologic mechanisms lead to virtually all the clinical disease states involving endocrine glands: (46) the e

Three basic pathophysiologic mechanisms lead to virtually all the clinical disease states involving endocrine glands: (46) the e

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问题     Three basic pathophysiologic mechanisms lead to virtually all the clinical disease states involving endocrine glands: (46) the excessive hormone production and action and neoplasa. Deficiency of hormone action is most commonly caused by an abnormally low level of biologically active hormone reaching target tissues. (47) Endocrine gland hypofunciton may be congenital, caused by a complete failure of gland development, a mutant gene-encoding the structure of hormone or an enzyme responsible for hormone biosythesis. (48) replacement by tumor, surgical extirpation, effects of pharmacologic or environmental agents, or inflammation. Other causes of decreased hormone action in target tissues are encountered less frequently. Deranged physiologic control of pituitary gland function causes secondary glandular failure, which can be either congenital or acquired (49) Defective postsecretory hormone activation or accelerated hormone metabolism may result in abnormally low hormone activity. Hormonal deficiency states, despite normal or even elevated concentrations of biologically active hormone in the circulation, may be due to target-tissue resistance. (50) This failure of target tissue responsiveness may be due to an abnormality of hormone receptors or in post-binding signaling of the hormone-receptor interaction.
A. Deficiency of hormone action on target tissues.
B. Improvement of hormone release may result in glandular hypofunction.
C. Functional endocrine tumors secrete a hormonal product.
D. Inadequate hormone production may occur as a result of primary gland failure.
E. Resistance can be congenital or acquired F. Endocrine gland failure may also be acquired as a consequence of physiologic atrophy.  
选项
答案E
解析 选项E所在段落的大意是“即使在循环中，生物活性激素浓度正常，甚至增高，激素作用缺乏还可由靶组织抵抗导致，这种抵抗为先天性或获得性的。靶组织对激素的反应性减退也可源于激素受体异常或激素与受体相互作用结合后激素信号传达异常。”
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