2. 外语
  3. Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should: 1) summari

Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should: 1) summari

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问题     Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:
    1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
    2) comment on Renstrom’s view that if the desire for a phone builds in infancy it can become second nature.
    You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
                    Secondhand Screen Time, A Potential Harm to Children
    For understanding the effects of secondhand screen time, experts have compared them with that of secondhand smoking since both can eventually lead to addiction thereby harming health. In an article on The Conversation, Joelle Renstrom, lecturer, Boston University, writes, "Just as frequently being around other people while they smoke can cause cancer, heart disease, lung disease, and other ailments, what I call ’secondhand screen time’ could be endangering children."
    Renstrom writes that even babies are lured when "see parents reach again and again for a seemingly magical object that glints and flashes, makes sounds, and shows moving images".
    The lecturer adds, "Who wouldn’t want such a wonderful plaything? Trouble is, if the desire for a phone builds in infancy, it can become second nature."
    Kids are exposed to screen time from an early age. By the age of eight, they have been found to consume the highest amount of screen time, especially if in home-based care or born to first-time mothers, according to another study published in JAMA Pediatrics.
    Secondhand screen time also bears the risk of inappropriate exposure for kids. In another article on PyschCentral, Jeremy Bidwell, PhD, clinical psychology, and founder and director of The LodeStone Center, points out that parents sometimes assume their child is not paying attention to what they are watching but they may often end up seeing things we do not want them to which, in turn, can have a lasting impact on them.
    A child is too young to fully understand how screen time can harm them. It is for parents to ensure that they do not get easy access to screen time, and that includes avoiding secondhand exposure.
选项
答案 Children Should Be Kept Away from Secondhand Screen Time The reading material uses secondhand smoking as an analogy to elucidate the negative impacts of secondhand screen time on young children. It cites experts to reinforce the view that children may develop bad habits that in turn endanger them, if surrounded by adults who are watching TV or playing mobile phone. I share Renstrom’s view, which indicates a long-term impact of secondhand screen time. Albeit in a different manner, secondhand screen time causes no less harm than secondhand smoking, and thus children should be kept away from it. To begin with, children by nature lack self-discipline, and secondhand screen time is a start of children’s unhealthy habits. Once they become obsessed with TV or smartphone, they are likely to curl on the sofa, watching programs or playing video games for several hours on end without changing their position or even without a blink of eyes. This would affect their posture and eyesight as they are in a critical stage of growth. Another point is in my favor: children exposed to secondhand screen time have easier access to violent or pornographic content although they do not choose to watch it. Without a proper sense of right and wrong, children are prone to imitate violent or criminal acts, potentially resulting in juvenile delinquency later. They may also be lured by erotic scenes, which have a deleterious effect on their mental health. Therefore, given the negative, long-term impacts of secondhand screen time, parents should steer children away while they are using such electronic devices as TV and smartphones.
解析 本题通过类比二手烟来说明“二手屏幕时间”的危害。家长可能认为他们自己看手机或电视的行为不会引起小孩的注意，但专家认为小孩会被能发出声音和发光的屏幕所吸引。一旦小孩沉迷于电视或手机，其影响将是一辈子。根据写作要求，文章首先应当总结概括材料中内容，再给出自己的观点。文章结构可安排如下：
第一段：简要概括材料内容，评论Renstrom的观点，基于此. 提出自己的看法——“二手屏幕时间”跟二手烟一样有害，孩子应该远离。
第二段：列出理由论证自己的观点。首先，二手屏幕时间是坏习惯的开始，而小孩子缺乏自律，并且他们正处在发育阶段，所以沉迷于电视或手机会对他们的身体造成伤害。其次，二手屏幕时间会增加小孩看到暴力或色情等内容的几率，而小孩子尚未建立自己的是非观，很容易受到这些内容的影响。
第三段：总结全文，提出建议——家长应该让孩子避开二手屏幕时间。
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