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  3. Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stron

Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stron

admin2023-03-23  33
问题     Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.
    A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of London and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.
    The researchers studied "prosocial" and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.
    Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
    Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.
    Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call "reward sensitivity. " Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.
    Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.
It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone’s study________.
选项 A、explores teenagers’ social responsibilities
B、examines teenagers’ emotional problems
C、provides a new insight into adolescence
D、highlights negative adolescent behavior
答案C
解析 细节题。由题干 Paragraph 2 和 Crone’s study 定位到第二段。其中提到克罗恩的一项新研究表明，青少年的积极和消极方面是齐头并进的。文章接着指出这项研究是关于青春期新思潮的一部分。也就是说该研究结果会让人对青春期有新的认识，给人以新的启迪，故正确答案为C。文章第三段提到克罗恩研究了儿童和年轻人的“亲社会”和叛逆特征，其中的prosocial会误导考生关注选项A中的 social responsibilities，但是两者并不是一回事，而且prosocial也不是题干所问的第二段的内容，故排除选项A。第三段提到参与者填写了问卷，内容是关于他们做利他和积极的事情的频率，如牺牲自己的利益来帮助朋友，或做叛逆和消极的事情的频率，如酗酒或夜不归宿。这些会被考生误认为对应选项B的内容，但这些也是第三段的内容，不符合题干，故排除选项 B。文中提到这项新研究强调，青春期是机遇和风险并存的时期，也就是说这项新研究强调了青春期的好坏两个方面，并不只是选项D 的negative 方面，故排除选项D。
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