2. 外语
  3. The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that it

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that it

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问题     The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that its own economic prosperity. Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination and their psychological needs and capacities received little consideration.
    As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted (多方面的，多样化的) members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian (功利主义的) organisms (社会成员). This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being.
    This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge (浪潮，波涛) of interest in child-rearing techniques. People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person’s child by spreading the gospel (经典，福音) of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing.
    The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way, parent-to-child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.
In the fourth paragraph, what does the author mean by the clause "the socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction"?
选项 A、There are two current methods of socializing children.
B、Both parents play major role in the contemporary childbearing process.
C、Socialization is a process shared by parents and their children.
D、Raising children is both pleasurable and problematic.
答案C
解析 本题是一道句子含义类问题。问第四段中作者用从句the socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two—way transaction指什么。根据文章第四段的内容，美国当代儿童的社会化是一种父母和儿童双向的交流，而不是单向的、父母对孩子的训练方案。这样一来，培养儿童社会化并和他们一起生活很长的一段时间，对于父母们来说，既充满乐趣和满足，也带来不少的麻烦。由此我们可以推知，本题的正确答案应是C“社会化是一个父母与孩子双方参与的过程”。
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