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  3. We’ve known for a long time a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise can increase the risk of developing heart disease and

We’ve known for a long time a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise can increase the risk of developing heart disease and

admin2015-03-25  3
问题     We’ve known for a long time a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise can increase the risk of developing heart disease and type II diabetes, two conditions affecting millions of Americans. What we are finding out now is those same lifestyle factors also play an important role in cancer. That’s the bad news. The good news is you can do something about your lifestyle. If we grew thinner, exercised regularly, avoided diets rich in red meat and ate diets rich in fruits and vegetables, and stopped using tobacco, we would prevent 70 percent of all cancers.
    The strongest evidence of the importance of lifestyle in cancer is most common cancers arise at dramatically different rates in different parts of the globe. Several cancers that are extremely common in the United States—colon, prostate and breast cancer—are relatively rare in other parts of the world, occurring only l/10th or l/20th as often. Equally striking, when people migrate from other parts of the world to the United States, within a generation their cancer rates approach those of us whose families have lived in this country for a long time. Even if people in other parts of the world stay put, but adopt a U.S. lifestyle, their risk of cancer rises; as Japanese have embraced Western habits, their rates of colon, breast and prostate cancer have skyrocketed.
    What is it about our lifestyle that raises the risk of many types of cancer? The main culprits seem to be the Western diet, obesity and physical inactivity. While we’ve known about the importance of tobacco and cancer for more than 50 years, we are just beginning to understand how diet, a healthy body weight and regular exercise can protect us against cancer.
    A striking example of the profound influence of diet was reported last summer in The Journal of the American Medical Association. Doctors determined the eating habits of patients with colon cancer in the years following surgical removal of the cancer. Over the next five years, those who ate a traditional Western diet had a threefold greater likelihood of developing a recurrence of the disease than did those who ate a " prudent" diet rich in fruits and vegetables and including only small amounts of red meat. How had diet affected these patients? The surgery clearly had not removed all their colon-cancer cells: prior to the surgery, some cells had already spread from the primary tumor. The Western diet had somehow stimulated the growth of these small deposits of residual cancer cells.
    Obesity is the second most important factor in causing cancer in Western populations after tobacco. There is evidence that maintaining a healthy weight is protective against the disease. A study by the American Cancer Society in 2003 found the heaviest people, in comparison with the leanest, had a significantly increased risk of death from 10 different kinds of cancer in men, and 12 different kinds in women. The most extreme examples were liver cancer in men and uterine cancer in women.
The striking example in The Journal of the American Medical Association aims to prove
选项 A、the five years following surgery is dangerous in that there is much likelihood to have recurrence.
B、surgical removal is not reliable because it could not eliminate all cancer cells of colon cancer.
C、The Journal of the American Medical Association often reports the latest discovery in science.
D、Western diet, in some uncertain way, excites the growth of cancer cells after the surgery.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。根据题干关键词The Journal of the American Medical Association定位至第四段。[D]与该段末句“西式”饮食以某种方式刺激了这些少量残余的癌细胞相符，而且也对本段进行了总结，因而是正确答案。发表于该杂志的研究是对结肠癌病人手术后的五年内因不同饮食习惯造成不同复发率进行的，并不是说术后五年是该癌症的高复发期，所以[A]不正确；[B]观点扩大化了，并非文章的本意所在。该研究要证明的是西式饮食对术后残留癌细胞生长的刺激作用，并不能扩大到说手术不可靠，排除[B];[C]的内容在文中没有提及，而且只根据一篇报导就判定杂志的特点有失偏颇，可排除。
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