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  3. Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way t

Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way t

admin2014-04-20  26
问题     Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way to target treatment.
    Fifty years after the discovery of the first direct genetic link to cancer, scientists are assessing the state of so-called targeted therapy—with nearly 30 treatments on the market and a dozen or so more under study. " We’re still not using the ’ C ’word, ’ cure,’ " cautioned medicine director Jeff Boyd of Fox Chase Cancer Center, who helped organized a meeting to examine the future of targeted therapy. But, he added, "there is real potential to transform many cancers into chronic diseases. "
    One challenge is how to expand the number of targets to attack, in part by answering what the new chief of the National Cancer Institute calls the "big questions" about what makes this disease so intractable. What makes a tumor metastasize or spread through the body? Why some tumors spread and others don’t? What programs those tumor cells to invade, say, the liver instead of the bone or the lung? These are factors that undoubtedly could be new treatment targets.
    A domino effect of genetic alterations is required to cause any of the 200 diseases collectively called cancer. Some occur in the person, making them more prone to illness. But tumors also have their own genetic signature—four to seven genetic changes that are critical to turning, say, a normal breast or colon or liver cell into a cancerous one, and a pattern of activity that signals how aggressive that malignancy will be. Those unique patterns also offer targets for treatment, drugs that zero in on the particular genetic pathways fueling the person’s cancer—and even vaccine-like therapies, a fledgling field that aims to train patients’ immune systems to recognize and fight their tumors.
    As the targeted therapies work differently—shrinking a tumor or slowing its growth—than the tumor-destroying approaches of chemotherapy and radiation, it’s harder to prove a benefit. But Allison Frey, whose aggressive form of thyroid cancer spread to her liver in inoperable patches, says that approach has made her cancer an illness she can manage much like a diabetic manages insulin. For nearly five years, she has swallowed an experimental pill that shrank those patches and kept them from growing back, working through a pathway that targets a tumor’s blood supply. "Honestly, to me it’s just like any other chronic illness," said Frey, who’s part of a study at Fox Chase. "I show up for work every day and live life...with minimal issues. "  
Which of the following is TRUE of the targeted cancer therapy?
选项 A、It has been booming since its first occurrence fifty years ago.
B、Its new development relies on the expansion of treatment target.
C、It has prevented tumors to metastasize or spread through the body.
D、It is a vaccine-like therapy by training the patient’s immune systems.
答案B
解析 细节题。本题问题涉及范围较广，凡有关肿瘤靶向治疗的内容都可能相关。首先结合选项和各段大意，将各选项定位。由此，[A]可定位至第二段，[B]和[C]定位至第三段，[D]定位至第四段。依据原句One challenge is how to expand the number of targets to attack，可知目前该项治疗技术如想继续发展，必须要拓宽靶向范围，这与[B]所述内容大致吻合，故[B]为答案。[A]项曲解原文Fifty years after thediscovery of the first direct genetic link to cancer．scientists are assessing the state of so—called targetedtherapy，该句是说在第一次发现肿瘤的直接基因链之后五十年，才出现了所谓的靶向治疗，而不是靶向治疗已经出现了五十年。[C]与第三段所述事实相反，肿瘤的转移和扩散目前还不能防止，故排除[C]。而细读第四段末句可知防疫治疗与靶向治疗并不完全相同，故排除[D]。
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