2. 外语
  3. People often do not make decisions by using the basic economic principle of rationally weighing all possibilities and then makin

People often do not make decisions by using the basic economic principle of rationally weighing all possibilities and then makin

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问题 People often do not make decisions by using the basic economic principle of rationally weighing all possibilities and then making the choice that can be expected to maximize benefits and minimize harm. Routinely, people process information in ways that are irrational in this sense. Any of the following, if true, would provide evidence in support of the assertions above EXCEPT:
选项 A、People tend to act on new information, independent of its perceived relative merit, rather than on information they already have.
B、People prefer a major risk taken voluntarily to a minor one that has been forced on them, even if they know that the voluntarily taken risk is statistically more dangerous.
C、People tend to take up potentially damaging habits even though they have clear evidence that their own peers as well as experts disapprove of such behavior.
D、People avoid situations in which they could become involved in accidents involving large numbers of people more than they do situations where single-victim accidents are possible, even though they realize that an accident is more likely in the latter situations than in the former.
E、People usually give more weight to a physician’s opinion about the best treatment for a disease than they do to the opinion of a neighbor if they realize that the neighbor is not an expert in disease treatment.
答案E
解析 本题的结论是：人们通常不用理性的方式来处理信息。(E)选项表明人们在某种疾病的治疗上通常是信赖医生而不是他们那些不是医疗专家的邻居，这说明人们对待疾病的态度是理性的，也就是说，(E)对本题的结论构成了反对，因此(E)正确；(A)、(B)、(C)和(D)四个选项中，人们都以非理性的方式来处理问题，因此都对本题的结论构成了支持。
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