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  3. The willingness of doctors at several major medical centers to apologize .to patients for harmful errors is a promising step tow

The willingness of doctors at several major medical centers to apologize .to patients for harmful errors is a promising step tow

admin2011-03-11  48
问题     The willingness of doctors at several major medical centers to apologize .to patients for harmful errors is a promising step toward improving the rather disappointing quality of a medical system that kills tens of thousands of innocent patients a year inadvertently.
    For years, experts have lamented that medical malpractice litigation is an inefficient way to deter lethal or damaging medical errors.  What they noticed,  simply put it, is that most victims of malpractice never sue, and there is some evidence that many patients who do sue were not harmed by a physician’s error but instead suffered an adverse medical outcome that could not have been prevented. The details of what went wrong are often kept secret as part of a settlement agreement.
    What is needed, many specialists agree, is a system that quickly brings an error to light so that further errors can be headed off and that compensates victims promptly and fairly. Many doctors, unfortunately, have been afraid that admitting and describing their errors would only invite a costly lawsuit.
    Now, as described by Kevin Sack in The Times, a handful of prominent academic medical centers have adopted a new policy of promptly disclosing errors, offering earnest apologies and providing fair compensation. It appears to satisfy many patients, reduce legal costs and the litigation burden and, in some instances, helps reduce malpractice premiums.  Here are some examples from colleges of the United States: at the University of Illinois,  of 37 cases where the hospital acknowledged a preventable error and apologized, only one patient filed suit; at the University of Michigan Health System, existing claims and lawsuits dropped from 262 in August 2001 to 83 in August 2007, and legal costs fell by two-thirds.
    To encourage greater candor, more than 30 states have enacted laws making apologies for medical errors inadmissible in court. That sounds like a sensible step that should be adopted by other states or become federal law. Such laws could help bring more errors to light. Patients who have been harmed by negligent doctors can still sue for malpractice, using other evidence to make their case.
    Admitting errors is only the first step toward reforming the health care system so that far fewer mistakes are made. But reforms can be more effective if doctors are candid about how they went astray. Patients seem far less angry when they receive an. honest explanation, an apology and prompt, fair compensation for the harm they have suffered.
According to Paragraph 5, laws are enacted in more than 30 states ______.
选项 A、to be adopted by other states
B、to become federal law
C、to make apologies for medical misconducts
D、to spark medical practitioners to confess more
答案D
解析 此题考查文章对文章中心词及句子的理解。根据题干信息“laws are enacted in more than 30 states”，我们可以定位至第五段第一句，问题问的是法案在30多个州颁布的目的，因此我们可以锁定本句的不定式成分“to encourage greater candor”，但是其中candor是一个超纲词汇。句中“greater”修饰“candor”；略读第四段，主旨为“坦白医疗失误收效甚好”。综合这些信息，我们可以得知，“to encourage greater candor”意思是“为了鼓励(医生)更加．坦白”。因此，D选项正确。
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