首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuma
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuma
admin
2018-03-27
32
问题
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language.
The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals.
Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates.
Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and
converging
evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies.
It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication.
Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.
The author’ s attitude toward studying nonhuman primates is one of_____.
选项
A、full approval
B、severe criticism
C、passive acceptance
D、slight tolerance
答案
A
解析
根据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段。B项“严重批判”和D项“少许宽容”都过于绝对。该段最后一句提到there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates,意为“我们可以从非人灵长类动物中学习语言演变”。综上所述,作者对于研究非人灵长类动物持完全支持的态度,故A项“完全认可”符合题意。C项“被动接受” 不符合题意,故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/BcX7FFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
【C1】______.Thischallengeremainsandcontemporaryseismologistscontinuetoseekreliablemethodsforpinpointingthetime,pl
OneoftheinterestingthingsresearchersattheUCLAMedicalCenterhavediscoveredisthattheenvironmentofmedicaltreatmen
[A]Theseissuescutrightacrosstraditionalreligiousdogma.Manypeopleclingtothebeliefthattheoriginofliferequired
Inthefirstyearsofthe21stcentury,noareaoftheAmericaneconomyhasexcitedmoreemotionthanthepropertymarket.First
WhenGeorgeBushleftthepresidencyonJanuary20th,manyAmericanswerekeentoturnthepage.Theyhavewarmlywelcomedanew
Foraquarterofacentury,surveysofreadinghabitsbytheNationalfortheArts(NEA),afederally-fundedbody,havebeenfavo
Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociatedwithlivinginforeignparts.Rudyard
SupposeyouwanttoapplyforadmissiontoWashingtonUniversity,butyoucan’tgetallyourmaterialsreadybeforethestatedd
Bettingagainstanindustrywithaddictsforcustomerscarriesobviousrisks.【C1】______theseareuncertaintimesforBigTobacco
随机试题
A.妊娠期间,咳嗽不已B.妊娠中晚期,孕妇出现肢体面目肿胀者C.妊娠期出现头晕目眩,状若眩晕者D.妊娠5~6个月后出现腹大异常,胸膈满闷者E.妊娠晚期出现眩晕头痛,突然昏不知人,两目上视,手足抽搐者子满是指
广州某国有公司总经理谢某于2000年5月20日,私自从单位所收货款中截留20万元购买地下六合彩。2000年5月27日,谢某中得大奖50万元。当日谢某归还单位20万元货款,并将其余30万元作为公司员工的福利发放给了全体公司员工。关于谢某的行为下列说法错误的是
下列各选项中,关于乡村公益事业用地使用权的内容及限制,不包括()。
根据巴塞尔委员会的规定,在风险报告中,为了提高商业银行透明度,信息应当具备哪些特征()。
一般资料:求助者,女性,56岁,本科学历,中学退休教师。求助者自述:我原来是中学老师,白天上课,晚上批作业,每天总要忙到十一二点才能休息。对身体健康有些忽视,但总体来说身体还可以。四十岁时曾发现子宫肌瘤,经过手术早已痊愈,心脑肝肾等重要器官都没什么
个体执行任务时追求成功的内在驱动力称为认识动机。()
案例:皮尔斯堡面粉公司营销观念的变化美国皮尔斯堡面粉公司(以下简称皮尔斯堡公司)成立于1869年。从成立到20世纪20年代以前,这家公司提出“本公司旨在制造面粉”的口号。因为在那个年代,人们的消费水平很低
战国七雄
“非公有制经济是我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分”与“非公有制经济是社会主义经济必要的和有益的补充”,这两种不同提法的区别在于______。
[*]
最新回复
(
0
)