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  3. Claim: Country X’s government lowered tariff barriers because doing so served the interests of powerful foreign companies. Princ

Claim: Country X’s government lowered tariff barriers because doing so served the interests of powerful foreign companies. Princ

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问题 Claim: Country X’s government lowered tariff barriers because doing so served the interests of powerful foreign companies. Principle: In order for a change to be explained by the advantage some person or group gained from it, it must be shown how the interests of the person or group played a role in bringing about the change. Which one of the following, if true, can most logically serve as a premise for an argument that uses the principle to counter the claim?
选项 A、Foreign companies did benefit when Country X lowered tariff barriers, but consumers in Country X benefited just as much.
B、In the period since tariff barriers were lowered, price competition among importers has severely limited importers’ profits from selling foreign companies’ products in Country X.
C、It was impossible to predict how Country X’s economic reforms, which included lowering tariff barriers, would affect the economy in the short term.
D、Many of the foreign companies that benefited from Country X’ s lowering tariff barriers compete fiercely among themselves both in Country X and in other markets.
E、Although foreign companies benefited when Country X lowered tariff barriers, there is no other evidence that these foreign companies induced the change.
答案E
解析 声明中用外国有实力的公司的利益来解释x国降低关税的原因，而原则表明要用有实力的外国公司的利益来解释x国降低关税的原因，声明中还必须表明有实力的外国公司的利益在降低关税中起了什么作用。也就是说外国有实力的公司的利益在X国降低关税中的作用是用前者来解释后者的必要条件。由此分析可知，原则反对声明的一个前提是声明中没有表明是这些外国公司引起了这场变革，即(E)为正确答案。
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