首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Because some resources must be allocated at the national level, we have created policies which reflect the aggregated attributes
Because some resources must be allocated at the national level, we have created policies which reflect the aggregated attributes
admin
2010-05-14
59
问题
Because some resources must be allocated at the national level, we have created policies which reflect the aggregated attributes of our society. The Federal budget determines the proportion of Federal resources to be invested in social welfare programs and how these resources are distributed among competing programs. This budget is arrived at through a reiterative aggregative political process which mediates the claims of groups interested in health, education, welfare, and so on, thus socializing the continuing conflict generated by their separate aspirations, the test of whether it can marshal sufficient legitimacy and consent to provide a basis for cohesion and action. Technical criteria may play a role in the process, but the ultimate criteria are political and social.
Whether a policy, which is "good" in the aggregate sense, is also "good" for a particular person, however, is a different matter. If everyone had identical attributes, these criteria will always produce different outcomes. Any policy negotiated to attain an aggregate correctness will be wrong for every individual to whom the policy applies. The less a person conforms to the aggregate, the more wrong it will be.
When a policy is not working, we normally assume that the policy is right in form but wrong in content. It has failed because insufficient intelligence has informed its construction or insufficient energy its implementation. We proceed to replace the old policy by a new one of: the same form. This buys time, since some time must elapse before the new policy can fully display the same set of symptoms of failure as the old. We thus continue to invest our time, energy, and other resources as if every new discovery of a nonworking policy is surprise, and a surprise that can be corrected with some reorganized model. But if policies based on complex, aggregated information are always wrong with respect to the preferences of every person to whom they apply, we should concentrate on limiting such policies to minima or "floors." Rather than trying for better policies, we should try for fewer policies or more limited aggregated ones. Such limitations could be designed to produce policies as spare and minimal as possible, for the resources not consumed in their operation would then be usable in a non-aggregative and person-specific ways--that is, in a disaggregated fashion. This will require more than just strengthened "local" capacity; it will require the development of new procedures, institutions, roles, and expectations.
Which of the following words, when substituted for the word aggregate, would LEAST change the meaning of the sentence?
选项
A、extreme.
B、group.
C、average.
D、quantity.
答案
C
解析
这也是一道意义含蓄的题目,需要推断。作者没有给aggregate下过定义,但是从文中我们可以知道它到底意味着什么。aggregate policy是针对一群人的,将人群中的typical个人加以具体考虑。所以政策基于average。尽管如此,按照作者的观点,这种人是找不到的。只有C的average正确地回答了问题的内容。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/AM4YFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Americaissaidtohavethemostsuccessfuleconomicsysteminhistory.Butsometimesitbreaks.Sotoodothebigbanks,themo
A、ReconstructtheframeworkforenhancingintegrationwithintheWestAfricanregion.B、Anationalfromonecountrycannotstay
Thesedayssearchingforanumber【C1】______telephonedirectoryseemsveryold-fashioned.Voicerecognitionsystemsarebecoming
A、Theconceptofsustainableutilizationandmanagementofnaturalresourceshasbeendenied.B、TheZimbabweangovernmentwould
Thesearethequestionsyoumightbeinterestedin.First,【B1】______.Ifyou’rean【B2】______inanyfieldor【B3】______,you
A、Hebelievesitisnothighenoughasfarasthejobcategoriesareconcerned.B、Hehesitatestosaythattheincomeistoolow
MeaninginLiteratureInreadingliteraryworks,weareconcernedwiththe"meaning"ofoneliterarypieceoranother.Howev
Themaximofmannerisasubcategoryof_____.
Inplaceoftheking,twochiefexecutiveswerechosenannuallybythewholebodyofcitizens.Thesewereknownaspraetors,or
A、PersianGulf,PakistanandChinaB、PersianGulf,PakistanandIndiaC、Pakistan,IndiaandChina.D、PersianGulfandPakistan
随机试题
胰岛素抵抗糖尿病患者宜选用
为德国民法典的制定奠定理论和体系基础的是()
该患者的发病与下列哪种情况有关该患者的止血措施应选下列哪项
A、心、肺B、肺、胃C、肺、肾D、脾、肺E、肝、肺感冒夹滞的病变脏腑在
患者,男性,25岁。间断左耳流脓5个月,2个月来左外耳道干燥。近1个月来出现持续性头痛,体温38℃左右。入院前2周头痛加重,伴呕吐。3小时前呼之不应,急诊入院。入院查体:中度昏迷,瞳孔左:右=4:2,对光反应消失,右侧肢体力弱,以上肢为著,右侧霍夫曼征(+
张一、李二、王三因口角与赵四发生斗殴,赵四因伤势过重死亡。其中张一系未成年人,王三情节轻微未被起诉,李二在一审开庭前意外死亡。(2013年试卷二第95~96题)在一审过程中,如果发生附带民事诉讼原、被告当事人不到庭情形,法院的下列做法正确的是:
标准施工合同的组成包括()。
为确保2020年如期实现全面建成小康社会奋斗目标,推动经济社会持续健康发展,必须坚持的出发点和落脚点是()
ReadthistextaboutNewYorkStockExchange.Choosethebestsentencefromtheoppositepagetofilleachofthegaps.
IwastellingmyboyTonythestoryofthehare(野兔)andtortoise(乌龟).IntheendIsaid,"Son,remember:slowandsteady,b
最新回复
(
0
)