首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking
admin
2020-12-01
36
问题
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking style. It plays gambits and takes risks. In some games it paralyzed Stockfish and toyed with it. While conducting its attack in Game 10, AlphaZero retreated its queen back into the corner of the board on its own side, far from Stockfish’s king, not normally where an attacking queen should be placed.
Yet this peculiar retreat was venomous: No matter how Stockfish replied, it was doomed. It was almost as if AlphaZero was waiting for Stockfish to realize, after billions of brutish calculations, how hopeless its position truly was, so that the beast could relax and expire peacefully, like a vanquished bull before a matador. Grandmasters had never seen anything like it. AlphaZero had the finesse of a
virtuoso
and the power of a machine. It was humankind’s first glimpse of an awesome new kind of intelligence.
When AlphaZero was first unveiled, some observers complained that Stockfish had been lobotomized by not giving it access to its book of memorized openings. This time around, even with its book, it got crushed again. And when AlphaZero handicapped itself by giving Stockfish ten times more time to think, it still destroyed the brute. Tellingly, AlphaZero won by thinking smarter, not faster; it examined only 60 thousand positions a second, compared to 60 million for Stockfish. It was wiser, knowing what to think about and what to ignore. By discovering the principles of chess on its own, AlphaZero developed a style of play that "reflects the truth" about the game rather than "the priorities and prejudices of programmers," Mr. Kasparov wrote in a commentary accompanying the Science article.
The question now is whether machine learning can help humans discover similar truths about the things we really care about: the great unsolved problems of science and medicine, such as cancer and consciousness; the riddles of the immune system, the mysteries of the genome.
The early signs are encouraging. Last August, two articles in Nature Medicine explored how machine learning could be applied to medical diagnosis. In one, researchers at DeepMind teamed up with clinicians at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London to develop a deep-learning
algorithm
that could classify a wide range of retinal pathologies as accurately as human experts can. (Ophthalmology suffers from a severe shortage of experts who can interpret the millions of diagnostic eye scans performed each year; artificially intelligent assistants could help enormously.)
The other article concerned a machine-learning algorithm that decides whether a CT scan of an emergency-room patient shows signs of a stroke, an intracranial hemorrhage or other critical neurological event. For stroke victims, every minute matters; the longer treatment is delayed, the worse the outcome tends to be. (Neurologists have a grim saying: "Time is brain.") The new algorithm flagged these and other critical events with an accuracy comparable to human experts — but it did so 150 times faster. A faster diagnostician could allow the most urgent cases to be triaged sooner, with review by a human radiologist.
What is frustrating about machine learning, however, is that the algorithms can’t articulate what they’re thinking. We don’t know why they work, so we don’t know if they can be trusted. AlphaZero gives every appearance of having discovered some important principles about chess, but it can’t share that understanding with us. Not yet, at least. As human beings, we want more than answers. We want insight. This is going to be a source of tension in our interactions with computers from now on.
In fact, in mathematics, it’s been happening for years already. Consider the longstanding math problem called the four-color map theorem. It proposes that, under certain reasonable constraints, any map of contiguous countries can always be colored with just four colors such that no two neighboring countries are colored the same.
Although the four-color theorem was proved in 1977 with the help of a computer, no human could check all the steps in the argument. Since then, the proof has been validated and simplified, but there are still parts of it that entail brute-force computation, of the kind employed by AlphaZero’s chess-playing computer ancestors. This development annoyed many mathematicians. They didn’t need to be reassured that the four-color theorem was true; they already believed it. They wanted to understand why it was true, and this proof didn’t help.
The word "virtuoso" underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably means______.
选项
A、master
B、singer
C、architect
D、designer
答案
A
解析
语义题。virtuoso意为“艺术大师”,故正确答案为A(大师)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/7P1YFFFM
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
A、tothelocalgovernmentB、intothecountryinwhichtheyhavebeenbuiltC、abroadD、tothelocalinhabitantsC推理判断题。关于一些旅馆的利润,
IMF’sConcernaboutZimbabwe’sEconomyVocabularyandExpressionsInternationalMonetaryFundmacro-economicfundamentals
IMF’sConcernaboutZimbabwe’sEconomyVocabularyandExpressionsInternationalMonetaryFundmacro-economicfundamentals
StockMarketVocabularyandExpressionsdebtmarketliquidinvestmentup-and-comingcounterpartyliquidityim
StockMarketVocabularyandExpressionsdebtmarketliquidinvestmentup-and-comingcounterpartyliquidityim
USPoliticiansDebate"NetNeutrality"VocabularyandExpressionssuspendfuel(v.)unleashWhatattitudedoesPresident
Peopleinwealthiernationsstronglysupportedthegovernmentstodomoretohelp.
Wemayhavesuspecteditalready,butnowthescience【C1】______:unmarriedandchildlesswomenarethehappiestsubgroupinthe
Wemayhavesuspecteditalready,butnowthescience【C1】______:unmarriedandchildlesswomenarethehappiestsubgroupinthe
Wemayhavesuspecteditalready,butnowthescience【C1】______:unmarriedandchildlesswomenarethehappiestsubgroupinthe
随机试题
这个标志是何含义?
海尔集团的“真诚到永远”高度概括了()
男性,30岁。因右眼睑下垂伴眼球固定1周入院。入院第4天洗澡时突然剧烈头痛、恶心、呕吐,随即出现嗜睡。体检:颈项强直,右上睑下垂,右眼球上、下、内运动障碍,克氏征(+)。余神经系统无明显阳性体征。为明确该病人动眼神经麻痹的病因,对诊断有最大价值的检查为
下列关于医学道德评价的提法中,错误的是
关于屋面防水工程的做法,正确的是()。
工伤保险一般在()统筹。
某公司为扩大销售,拟定了两个备选方案:(1)将信用条件放宽到“n/45”,预计年销售收入5000万元,坏账损失为销售额的3%,收账费用为60万元。(2)将信用条件改为“2/10,1/30,n/45”。预计销售收入是5500万元,估计约有6
教师期望效应的产生,除了取决于教师自身的因素以外,还与下列哪些因素有关?()
奉法者强则国强,奉法者弱则国弱。”党领导人民当家作主的治国方略是()
______theincreaseinthenumberofcomputersinouroffices,theamountofpaperhatweneedhasrisenaswell.
最新回复
(
0
)