首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Human beings do not like to think of themselves as animals. It is thus with decidedly mixed feelings that we regard the frequent
Human beings do not like to think of themselves as animals. It is thus with decidedly mixed feelings that we regard the frequent
admin
2015-04-10
33
问题
Human beings do not like to think of themselves as animals. It is thus with decidedly mixed feelings that we regard the frequent reports that activities once thought to be uniquely human are also performed by other species: chimpanzees who make and use tools, parrots who use language, ants who teach. Is there anything left?
You might think that human beings at least enjoy the advantage of being more generally intelligent. To test this idea, my colleagues and I recently administered an array of cognitive tests—the equivalent of nonverbal I. Q. tests—to adult chimpanzees and orangutans and to 2-year-old human children. As it turned out, the children were not more skillful overall. They performed about the same as the apes on the tests that measured how well they understood the physical world of space, quantities and causality. The children performed better only on tests that measured social skills: social learning, communicating and reading the intentions of others.
But such social gifts make all the difference. Imagine a child born alone on a desert island and somehow magically kept alive. What would this child’s cognitive skills look like as an adult—with no one to teach her, no one to imitate, no pre-existing tools, no spoken or written language? She would certainly possess basic skills for dealing with the physical world, but they would not be particularly impressive. She would not invent for herself English, or Arabic numerals, or metal knives, or money. These are the products of collective cognition; they were created by human beings, in effect,
putting their heads together
.
Another subtle but crucial difference can be seen in communication. The great apes chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans—communicate almost exclusively for the purpose of getting others to do what they want. Human infants, in addition, gesture and talk in order to share information with others—they want to be helpful. They also share their emotions and attitudes freely—as when an infant points to a passing bird for its mother and squeals with glee. This unprompted sharing of information and attitudes can be seen as a forerunner of adult gossip, which ensures that members of a group can pool their knowledge and know who is or is not behaving cooperatively. The free sharing of information also creates the possibility of pedagogy—in which adults impart information by telling and showing, and children trust and use this information with confidence. Our nearest primate relatives do not teach and learn in this manner.
The phrase "putting their heads together"(Lines 7-8, Paragraph 3)means
选项
A、making efforts collectively.
B、always getting together.
C、thinking in the same way.
D、chatting together.
答案
A
解析
第三段第七至八行的短语putting their heads together的意思是[A]集体努力。[B]经常在一起。[C]按同样的方式思考。[D]一起聊天。第三段最后一句提到“它们是人类集体智慧的结晶”,可以推断出[A]正确。其他选项是错误的理解。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/2iFRFFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Energywillbeoneofthedefiningissuesofthiscentury.Onethingisclear:theeraofeasyoilisover.Whatwealldonext
Energywillbeoneofthedefiningissuesofthiscentury.Onethingisclear:theeraofeasyoilisover.Whatwealldonext
Energywillbeoneofthedefiningissuesofthiscentury.Onethingisclear:theeraofeasyoilisover.Whatwealldonext
ImagineaBriton’snewyearresolutions:hevowstostopsmoking20cigarettesaday,andabandonhisdailybottleofclaretand
TheFeaturesofSolarandWindEnergySolarandwindenergyseemtohavecapturedthepublic’ssupportaspotentiallybeing
Apoemormoviemaybedescribedas"sentimental"ifitisappealingtoodirectlytothefeelingsoftheaudience.Thepoetsof
Thereiscloserelationshipbetweenfrequentclimatedisastersandglobalwarming.WriteaproposalletterontheInternetto1)
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose,treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SAR
AmericansBecomePessimisticfromOptimisticAmericanshavelongpridedthemselvesasbeingpartofanoptimisticsociety.B
(46)Thejobofraisingchildrenisatoughone.Childrendon’tcomewithaninstructionmanual.Andeachchildisdifferent.So
随机试题
可出现强迫蹲位的疾病是()
建设项目工程总承包方在合同收尾时的工作包括()。
根据《实施工程建设强制性标准监督规定》,下列关于对实施工程建设强制性标准进行监督的表述,错误的是()。
刘先生居住在某省会城市,今年36岁,税前月收入4000己,年终奖13万元。刘太太和他同岁,税前月收入4000元他们除了参加社保外没有购买任何商业保险。二人对风险比较厌恶。刘先生家庭金融资产约300000,日常生活消费支出6000元/月。目前他们居住的住房已
下列哪种情况下造成的学生伤害事故,学校承担责任?()
Kellie:Youhaven’tbeenaroundmuchlately,haveyou?Marie:______.Kellie:Oh?Wherewereyou?Marie:PalmSprings.I’vegota
媒体上最近充斥着关于某名人的八卦新闻,这使该名人陷入一种尴尬的境地:如果她不出面做澄清和反驳,那些谣传就会被大众信以为真;如果她出面做澄清和反驳,这反而会引起更多人的关注,使那些八卦新闻传播得更快更广。这也许就是当名人不得不付出的代价吧。如果题干中的陈述为
有如下程序:#includeusingnamespacestd;classTestClass1{public:TestClass1(){cout
A.AsHSBCDataProcessing(Shanghai)Limitedcontinuestogrow,weinvitepeoplewhoexcelinachallenginganddynamicwork
A、Mikecan’tpasstheexam.B、Mikedoesn’tneedtostudyatall.C、MikeshouldgetsomefreshairinthemorningD、Havingagood
最新回复
(
0
)