首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she
admin
2015-05-24
53
问题
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she told me the story of the day’s sickest child. Before she sent the child to the emergency room in an ambulance, she told me, she gave her 50 milligrams per kilogram of ceftriaxone, a powerful antibiotic.
"You probably saved her life," I said, and my friend nodded: it was possible. Antibiotics represent a huge gift in the struggle against infant and child mortality, a triumph(or actually, many triumphs)of human ingenuity and science over disease and death, since the antibiotic era began back in the fourth and fifth decades of the 20th century.
But new research is looking at questions about the complex effects of antibiotics—on bacteria, on individual children, and on populations—building on a greatly increased awareness of how powerful antibiotics can be, and how important it is to use them judiciously.
Over the past 15 years or so, spurred by new realizations—and new fears—about the risks of breeding resistant strains of bacteria, pediatricians in the United States have, as a group, cut back dramatically on prescribing antibiotics in situations where they may not be necessary. Parents, as a group, have become less likely to demand them.
"It’s actually been a remarkable change in practice from the mid-90s on," said Dr. Jonathan Finkelstein, a pediatrician at Boston Children’s Hospital who studies antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, "and we did that by physicians and patients recognizing that antibiotics are quite effective, quite safe, but there’s no such thing as a free lunch, and as with any other medical decision, we have to weigh the risks and benefits of every treatment. "
There has been a lot of discussion about whether ear infections should always be treated with antibiotics, or whether in some situations(older child, less ill)"watchful waiting" might be appropriate—but it’s also true that many of us have become much more reluctant to diagnose ear infections in borderline cases.
In a study that Dr. Finkelstein and his colleagues published this year, looking at antibiotic use in children in Massachusetts, the rate at which antibiotics were dispensed to the youngest group(3 to 24 months)had decreased 24 percent by 2008—2009 from 2000—2001. That drop was largely driven by a declining rate of diagnosis of ear infections.
We always knew there were immediate risks to antibiotics. Children could have allergic reactions. They could get diarrhea. Babies could get unpleasant yeast infections—severe diaper rash, thrush in the mouth. But still, the thinking back when I trained was that after the antibiotics, the body would return to normal.
" When antibiotics were developed, they were miraculous for all the reasons that you know," said Dr. Martin J. Blaser, the chairman of medicine at New York University School of Medicine. "With few exceptions, there was almost no long-term toxicity that was identifiable, and so everybody thought that if you took an antibiotic, it could produce some immediate upset—it could produce a rash, loose bowels—and then everything would return to normal, bounce back to normal. But in fact there was no real exploration of that. It just became an article of faith. "
Dr. Blaser has devoted himself to a study of what is now called the microbiome, the bacterial population that lives on us and in us, and the effects of perturbing that population by antibiotic use. He and other researchers are asking questions about whether alterations in the microbiome may be linked to many different patterns of health, growth and disease. It’s an area of investigation that is still new, but changing quickly.
Last summer, Dr. Blaser’s group published a study in The International Journal of Obesity in which they analyzed growth data from a large group of British children: those treated with antibiotics when very young(under 6 months)showed increased weight gain by a year of age, and were 22 percent more likely to be overweight at age 3.
The influence of early antibiotics on the lungs has also been examined. A study in last month’s issue of the journal Pediatrics looked epidemiologically at another large population of children, and found an association between childhood antibiotic treatment and the later development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Every one of these researchers started with an antibiotic pledge of allegiance. " We clearly have to use antibiotics and are lucky to have them around," said Dr. Matthew P. Kronman, lead author on the bowel disease study, who is a specialist in pediatric infectious diseases at the Seattle Children’s Hospital. "It’s just that we are still learning what all of their effects are. "
What is the purpose of telling the story of the sickest child at the beginning?
选项
A、To explain the reason why I love antibiotics.
B、To prove the power of antibiotics in certain cases.
C、To show the importance of professional knowledge.
D、To illustrate how to save a child in dangerous situations.
答案
B
解析
事实细节题。由题干提示定位至文章开头两段。第二段第二句评论道Antibiotics represent a huge gift inthe struggle against infant and child mortality…由此可知,抗生素对降低婴幼儿的死亡率是一份大礼,也就是说,抗生素在降低婴幼儿死亡率方面很有效,故选[B]。文章开头第一句提到作者爱抗生素,接下来提到儿科医生挽救小女孩的故事,从而证明抗生素的强大效力,作者说他爱抗生素是因为后面的故事,故证明其效力才是最终目的,故排除[A];前两段中提到的a pediatrician friend以及You probably saved her life确实告诉我们,这位儿科医生凭借自己的专业知识救了一名小女孩,但这并不是讲这个故事的真正目的,只是想说明antibiotics的强大效力,故排除[C]和[D]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/1iYYFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoney
SuccessPersonalityAccordingtoaGallupsurvey,anumberofqualitiesarecommonamongsuccessfulpeople.Herearefiveof
Allsocialanimalscommunicatewitheachother,frombeesandantstowhalesandapes,butonlyhumanshavedevelopedthelangua
WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesynonymoftheword"die"?
Whichofthefollowingwritersisanovelistofthe20thcentury?
A、thetypeoflifetheyenjoy.B、thepriceofthehouse.C、thedistancebetweenthehouseandtheplaceofwork.D、theschoolth
WhatcriterionisNOTusedtoclassifytheEnglishvowels?
Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,it’sonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottooma
Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,it’sonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottooma
AllofthefollowingsbelongtothreekindsoffunctionsoflanguagethatareputforwardbyHallidayEXCEPT
随机试题
A.减半夏用量,加青黛、蛤粉B.加竹茹C.去黄芩,加黄连、山栀D.加鱼腥草、桑白皮清气化痰丸在加减应用中,烦躁不眠者,可
耳部CT扫描的技术参数是
A.造成患者明显人身损害的其他后果的B.造成患者轻度残疾、器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍的C.造成患者中度残疾、器官组织损伤导致严重功能障碍的D.造成患者死亡、重度残疾的E.造成患者死亡的构成四级医疗事故的情形是
下列不是维生素K适应证的是()。
长江公司2016年度的财务报告于2017年3月20日批准报出,内部审计入员在对2016年度财务报告进行复核时,发现以下交易或事项:(1)长江公司于2016年1月1日购入10套商品房,每套商品房购入价为200万元,并以低于购入价20%的价格出售给10名高级
下列各项中,不应计入营业外支出的是()。
《卓越绩效评价准则》评分指南中,赋予“经营结果”的总得分是()分。
ThefirstcluecamewhenIgotmyhaircut.Thestylistofferedacomplimentarynail-polishchangewhileIwaitedformyhairto
在考生文件夹下打开文档Word.docx,按照要求完成下列操作并以该文件名Word.docx保存文档。将文中所有错词“严肃”替换为“压缩”。将页面颜色设置为黄色(标准色)。
A、B、C、D、A
最新回复
(
0
)